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El Paso Dysplastic Nevus Excision & Integrative Care

El Paso Dysplastic Nevus Excision & Integrative Care

Abstract: In this educational post, I guide you through a clear, step-by-step clinical approach to excising a dysplastic nevus with moderate atypia using modern, evidence-based methods. You will see how a properly executed anesthetic field block creates a pain-free experience, why dermatologic surgery for moderate atypia uses narrow margins, and how meticulous tissue handling supports definitive histologic assessment. I also share how our multidisciplinary team at Injury Medical Clinic PA (Mission Plaza Injury Medical Clinic) in El Paso, Texas integrates chiropractic care, internal medicine oversight, functional medicine, and rehabilitation. Under the medical direction of Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD (Board Certified in Internal Medicine; NPI #1164426749; Texas MD License #J2933), and in collaboration with me, Dr. Alexander Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC, CFMP, IFMCP, ATN, CCST, we blend precision procedural care with whole-person strategies grounded in current research. This post highlights how integrative chiropractic care fits into surgical dermatology and personal injury care to optimize healing, reduce pain, and support long-term outcomes.

El Paso Dysplastic Nevus Excision & Integrative Care

Introduction: Perspective on Modern, Multidisciplinary Skin Lesion Care

I am Dr. Alexander Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC, CFMP, IFMCP, ATN, CCST. In our El Paso clinic, we often see patients who need carefully planned excisions following a diagnostic shave biopsy. Today, I’ll walk you through a real case: a 62-year-old gentleman returning approximately one month after a shave biopsy revealed a dysplastic nevus with moderate atypia. Our goals: remove the residual lesion with clinically appropriate narrow margins, enable a pain-free experience using a precise anesthetic field block, and ensure the tissue specimen is ideal for pathology.

What makes this care unique is our integrative model. As the Medical Director and Collaborative Physician, Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD (Internal Medicine), provides medical oversight and coordinates care pathways common to multidisciplinary injury and integrative clinics. In parallel, our chiropractic services, functional medicine strategies, and rehabilitation protocols create a cohesive system designed to keep the patient safe, comfortable, and moving toward recovery based on the best available evidence.

Building the Plan: Why Dysplastic Nevus with Moderate Atypia Requires Focused Margins

  • Key concept: Dysplastic nevi with moderate atypia are atypical moles with architectural and cytologic changes that warrant complete excision to reduce the risk of residual atypical tissue.
  • Evidence rationale: For moderate atypia, many dermatologic guidelines support excision with narrow margins (often around 2 mm beyond the visible or scar boundary) to ensure complete removal while preserving healthy tissue. Histopathologic evaluation confirms clearance.

In this case, the original lesion measured approximately 5 x 6 millimeters. I planned margins of roughly 2 millimeters around the current scar, translating to about 5 millimeters around the original lesion perimeter. Using a template helps me create a symmetric, fusiform design aligned with relaxed skin tension lines, minimizing postoperative tension and optimizing cosmetic results. Templates reduce human error in margin symmetry, and a well-planned ellipse supports primary closure with minimal dog-ears.

Design and Anesthesia: A Pain-Free Field Block by Interrupting Cutaneous Nerve Signaling

My goal with anesthesia is simple: make the experience pain-free and efficient. I start by prepping with alcohol, then reinforce the concept of a field block—a circumferential anesthetic “fence” that interrupts nerve signals entering the skin around our excision site.

Technique overview:

  • I select an ideal entry point near the planned excision boundaries.
  • I advance the needle, then inject while withdrawing, turning within the dermis/subcutaneous plane to create a continuous ring of anesthesia.
  • I repeat on the opposite side and, as needed, add lateral entry points to ensure complete coverage, always aiming for minimal needle insertions that produce maximal numbing.

Why it works physiologically:

  • The field block targets the terminal branches of sensory nerves within the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. By bathing these fibers with 1 percent lidocaine with epinephrine, we block voltage-gated sodium channels, preventing depolarization and halting nociceptive transmission.
  • Epinephrine causes local vasoconstriction, reducing bleeding and prolonging lidocaine’s dwell time near nerves. This prolongs anesthesia, helps maintain a bloodless field, and enhances visualization during precise excision.
  • Injecting in subcutaneous tissue to “saturate” beneath the lesion creates a foundational blockade. When we perform intradermal injections after subcutaneous saturation, patients typically report little or no sensation because the deeper nociceptive input has already been interrupted.

Adjunct comfort measures:

  • I use a cold “free spray” over the injection point. Rapid cooling stimulates A-delta fibers, which preferentially transmit cold sensations, creating a gating effect that reduces pain perception as the needle enters. This immediate numbing means they rarely feel the injection.
  • I steer the needle by slight bending to guide the tip across the dermal plane, carefully visualizing the trajectory under the skin. Injecting while withdrawing forms a visible intradermal wheal line that confirms even distribution.

Patient response:

  • Using these methods, our patient reported no pain throughout the anesthetic process. This is exactly the outcome we strive for—an effective, pain-free field block before excision.

Precision Excision: Narrow Margins and Tissue Integrity

With anesthesia confirmed and a clean field, the next step is the excision. Narrow margins are not arbitrary; they balance oncologic safety with tissue preservation, especially in cosmetically sensitive areas.

Core principles:

  • Margin control: For moderate atypia, 2-mm margins are commonly used; they are sufficient for complete removal while minimizing unnecessary tissue loss.
  • Fusiform design: An ellipse aligned with skin tension lines enables linear closure under reduced tension, decreasing the risk of hypertrophic scarring and optimizing cosmesis.
  • Specimen integrity: Gentle handling and correct orientation markings help pathologists assess margins and architecture accurately, confirming clearance.

Physiology of healing:

  • Minimal tension reduces micro-ischemia at wound edges, aiding angiogenesis and fibroblast activity necessary for collagen deposition.
  • Vasoconstriction from epinephrine tempers intraoperative bleeding, stabilizing the clot and early extracellular matrix formation.

Integrative Chiropractic Care in Dermatologic Surgical Recovery

While excision of a skin lesion may seem isolated from musculoskeletal care, an integrative approach adds value for recovery, comfort, and function—especially in older adults or those with comorbidities.

How chiropractic care fits:

  • Posture and movement optimization: After excision, patients often guard movement due to fear of pulling sutures. Chiropractic and rehabilitative strategies help maintain normal biomechanics and prevent compensatory strain.
  • Neuromuscular re-education: Gentle manual therapy and targeted exercises support proprioception and movement confidence, reducing myofascial tension near or distant from the surgical site.
  • Pain modulation: Chiropractic interventions can engage descending inhibitory pathways, reducing central sensitization that sometimes amplifies minor post-procedural discomfort.
  • Circulatory support: Mobility, diaphragmatic breathing, and safe motion progressions improve local perfusion, supporting oxygen delivery and waste clearance in healing tissues.

In practice, I assess global movement patterns and provide tailored strategies to keep patients functional without stressing the incision. For example, we may adjust daily ergonomic habits, teach safe range-of-motion techniques, and implement light isometrics that maintain muscle tone without disturbing the wound.

Multidisciplinary Oversight: Internal Medicine Leadership with Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD

Our clinic operates within a multidisciplinary framework common in integrative and injury care settings. Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD (Board Certified in Internal Medicine; NPI #1164426749; Texas MD License #J2933) serves as our Medical Director and Collaborative Physician. With over 40 years of experience as an internist, Dr. Cardenas supervises medical protocols, ensures safety for patients with complex health histories, and aligns the plan with best practices.

Medical oversight matters because:

  • Risk stratification: Internal medicine evaluates cardiovascular status, diabetes control, anticoagulation, and immunomodulating conditions that might impact bleeding, infection risk, or wound healing.
  • Medication management: Guidance on peri-procedural adjustments for antiplatelets/anticoagulants or immunosuppressants balances safety and procedural efficacy.
  • Systems-based care: Internal medicine connects dermatologic procedures with broader health concerns—sleep, nutrition, metabolic status—each influencing recovery timeline and scar quality.

Collaborative roles:

  • Dr. Cardenas provides medical direction, reviews histories, and creates safe peri-procedural pathways.
  • I deliver the procedure, chiropractic integration, functional medicine insights, and rehabilitative planning.
  • Together, we coordinate personal injury processes, documentation, and patient education.

Functional Medicine Integration: Optimizing Healing Physiology

Functional medicine supports the body’s innate healing mechanisms through targeted lifestyle and nutritional strategies tailored to the patient’s biology.

Focus areas:

  • Inflammation modulation: Adequate omega-3 intake, polyphenols (curcumin, quercetin), and antioxidant-rich foods can support controlled inflammation necessary for healing while preventing prolonged inflammatory states that delay recovery.
  • Glycemic control: Stable blood sugar supports fibroblast function, collagen cross-linking, and reduces infection risk; critical in older adults and those with metabolic syndrome.
  • Micronutrient sufficiency: Vitamin C (collagen synthesis), zinc (DNA replication and immune function), and vitamin A (epithelial integrity) are essential. We personalize supplementation cautiously, consistent with medical oversight.

Reasoning:

  • The acute wound healing phases—hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling—depend on energy availability, micronutrient cofactors, and balanced immune signaling. Diet and lifestyle calibrate these processes.
  • Sleep quality and stress modulation (e.g., paced breathing) influence HPA axis activity and cytokine profiles that can either facilitate or impair tissue repair.

Rehabilitation Strategy: Safe Motion, Scar Care, and Long-Term Outcomes

Rehabilitation begins as soon as the procedure ends.

Key steps:

  • Early wound protection: Educate on dressing care, signs of infection, and avoiding tension across the incision.
  • Progressive mobility: Introduce gentle, non-straining movements to prevent stiffness and maintain circulation.
  • Scar optimization: Once the wound has closed, consider silicone sheeting, gentle massage, and sun protection to improve scar quality.
  • Ergonomics: Adjust lifting strategies, workstation setup, and daily routines to prevent undue strain near the surgical site.

Physiologic reasoning:

  • Controlled motion stimulates mechanotransduction pathways in fibroblasts, guiding orderly collagen alignment and increasing tensile strength.
  • Silicone occlusion modulates hydration and reduces excessive collagen deposition, decreasing hypertrophic scar risk.

Personal Injury Care and Documentation

In injury care settings, precision documentation complements clinical excellence:

  • Clear procedural notes with lesion size, margin plan, anesthesia specifics, and patient responses.
  • Photo documentation for pre- and post-excision views (when appropriate).
  • Communication with referring providers and insurers regarding necessity, medical oversight, and outcomes.

Clinical Observations from My Practice

At Injury Medical Clinic PA (Mission Plaza Injury Medical Clinic), I have observed:

  • Patients experience significantly better comfort with a well-executed field block using 1% lidocaine with epinephrine and adjunct cold spray.
  • Narrow, well-planned margins for moderate atypia yield high clearance rates while preserving cosmesis.
  • Integrative chiropractic and functional medicine improve confidence in movement, reduce compensatory pain patterns, and support faster return to normal activities.

Step-by-Step Narrative: From Planning to Excision

  • Pre-Procedure:
    • Confirm pathology: dysplastic nevus with moderate atypia.
    • Explain margins and expectations to the patient.
    • Prepare sterile field with antiseptic; use alcohol for initial prep and repeat.
  • Field Block:
    • Choose entry point; advance needle; inject while withdrawing to create a continuous anesthetic ring.
    • Turn within the tissue plane to cover both sides without fully removing the needle.
    • Add lateral points if needed; saturate subcutaneous tissue under the lesion.
    • Verify numbness; apply cold spray before further injections.
  • Intradermal Distribution:
    • Thread the needle across the dermis; visualize tip; inject on withdrawal to form a visible wheal line indicating spread.
    • Assess patient comfort continuously; recalibrate if sensation persists.
  • Excision:
    • Mark ellipse with template; align with skin tension lines.
    • Excise along just outside the marked borders to respect margins.
    • Handle tissue gently; orient specimen; achieve hemostasis; close in layers if indicated.
  • Post-Procedure:
    • Educate on dressing changes, signs of infection, and motion precautions.
    • Schedule follow-up for pathology results and suture removal.
    • Provide integrative guidance on movement, nutrition, sleep, and stress.

Why Each Technique Matters

  • Template-guided marking: Ensures symmetry, facilitates linear closure, and reduces dog-ears.
  • Field block with epinephrine: Prolongs anesthesia, reduces bleeding, and improves operative field visibility.
  • Injecting on withdrawal: Distributes anesthetic evenly and reduces intratissue pressure spikes that can be uncomfortable.
  • Cold spray: Activates sensory gating to reduce needle pain.
  • Narrow margins: Balance complete excision of atypia with tissue preservation, aligning with evidence and cosmetic considerations.
  • Integrative follow-through: Addresses systemic determinants of healing and functional recovery beyond the incision line.

Safety Considerations

  • Avoid epinephrine in end-arterial regions if risk factors exist; assess peripheral vascular disease.
  • Screen for lidocaine allergies and arrhythmic history.
  • Coordinate with internal medicine on anticoagulation decisions and infection-risk mitigation.

Our Team-Based Care in El Paso, Texas

At Injury Medical Clinic PA (Mission Plaza Injury Medical Clinic), our care model weaves together:

  • Chiropractic care (Dr. Jimenez): Movement analysis, manual therapy, neuromuscular re-education, ergonomic optimization.
  • Medical oversight (Dr. Cardenas, MD): Risk stratification, medication management, systems-based medical direction.
  • Functional medicine: Nutrition, sleep, stress, and personalized supplementation.
  • Rehabilitation: Progressive mobility, scar care, and return-to-function planning.
  • Personal injury services: Comprehensive documentation, coordination with legal and insurance entities where applicable.

Conclusion: Modern, Evidence-Based, Integrative Care for Skin Surgery

Excision of a dysplastic nevus with moderate atypia is more than a precise cut; it is a coordinated effort grounded in physiology, patient comfort, and multidisciplinary safety. By pairing a pain-free field block with careful margin planning and whole-person support, we improve outcomes and the patient experience. Under the medical direction of Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, and through our integrative chiropractic, functional medicine, and rehabilitative care, patients receive comprehensive, evidence-based support from diagnosis to recovery.


References

Percutaneous Tenotomy for Chronic Tendinopathy

Percutaneous Tenotomy for Chronic Tendinopathy: An Integrative Approach

Abstract

Hello, I’m Dr. Alex Jimenez. Welcome to our educational corner, where we delve into the latest advancements in musculoskeletal health. My extensive background, holding titles like DC, APRN, FNP-BC, and multiple functional medicine certifications, allows me to bridge various disciplines to offer comprehensive, evidence-based care.

In this post, we will explore percutaneous tenotomy, a groundbreaking, minimally invasive procedure for treating chronic tendinopathies such as tennis elbow, plantar fasciitis, and Achilles tendinopathy. We will detail the two leading techniques, Tenex (ultrasonic emulsification) and TenJet (hydroresection), explain their physiological mechanisms, and show how they remove diseased tendon tissue while preserving healthy structures. This discussion is grounded in the latest evidence-based research from leading experts in the field.

Furthermore, I will explain how our unique multidisciplinary practice in El Paso, Texas, integrates these advanced procedures. At Injury Medical Clinic, I work alongside our Medical Director, Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD. With over 40 years of experience as a Board-Certified Internist, Dr. Cardenas provides essential medical oversight, ensuring a safe, effective, collaborative environment. Together, we combine functional medicine, rehabilitative science, and integrative chiropractic care to create a holistic treatment journey that resolves pain, restores optimal function, and prevents recurrence.

Join me as we explore the science behind percutaneous tenotomy and discover how this innovative treatment, combined with a patient-centered, integrative framework, is transforming outcomes for those with chronic tendon pain.

Percutaneous Tenotomy for Chronic Tendinopathy

Understanding the Challenge of Chronic Tendinopathy

As a clinician with decades of experience, I’ve seen countless patients struggle with tendinopathy, a condition often mislabeled as “tendinitis”. The key difference is that tendinitis implies active inflammation, whereas tendinopathy describes a degenerative state of the tendon. In tendinopathy, the tendon’s collagen fibers become disorganized, weakened, and filled with abnormal, painful tissue and sometimes microcalcifications. This is not an inflammatory problem but a structural failure of the tissue.

Conditions like lateral epicondylosis (tennis elbow), patellar tendinopathy (jumper’s knee), Achilles tendinopathy, and plantar fasciitis can be notoriously difficult to treat. Traditional conservative measures like rest, ice, and physical therapy are often effective for acute injuries but may fall short once the condition becomes chronic. In these cases, the degenerative tissue itself prevents healing, creating a cycle of pain and dysfunction. This is where modern, targeted interventions become essential.

Introducing Percutaneous Tenotomy: A Minimally Invasive Revolution

One of the most exciting advancements in musculoskeletal medicine is percutaneous tenotomy, an FDA-approved, ultrasound-guided procedure designed to debride, or remove, diseased tendon tissue. The term “percutaneous” simply means “through the skin,” highlighting its minimally invasive nature. This procedure represents a significant leap forward, offering a more definitive solution than conservative care but far less invasive than traditional open surgery.

The beauty of percutaneous tenotomy lies in its precision. Using real-time ultrasound imaging, we can guide a specialized instrument directly to the damaged tissue. This lets us selectively remove the degenerative, pain-generating portions of the tendon while leaving the surrounding healthy tissue intact. This precision is critical for promoting a robust healing response.

Two primary technologies dominate this field: Tenex and TenJet. Both are now accessible to appropriately trained primary care and specialty providers, allowing these procedures to be performed safely and effectively in the office.

The Tenex Health TX System: Ultrasonic Debridement

At our clinic, we utilize the Tenex Health TX system. This technology is a marvel of bioengineering, leveraging the principles of phacoemulsification—a technique famously used in modern cataract surgery.

  • How It Works: The Tenex system uses a handheld device connected to a console. The key component is an 18-gauge, double-lumen needle. When activated by a foot pedal, the needle tip vibrates at an ultrasonic frequency (around 20,000 Hz). This ultrasonic energy precisely emulsifies, or liquefies, the targeted degenerative tendon tissue.
  • The Double-Lumen Design: The Tenex probe’s ingenuity lies in its dual functionality. While the vibrating tip breaks down the pathologic tissue, a second, parallel lumen within the same needle simultaneously irrigates the area with saline and suctions the emulsified debris away. This “cut and remove” action is performed in a single, efficient step.
  • The Procedure: The procedure is performed under sterile conditions. After administering a local anesthetic, I use an ultrasound probe (covered in a sterile sheath) to visualize the damaged tendon. I insert the Tenex needle through the skin and guide it in real time to the area of tendinopathy. I then activate the device and methodically move the needle tip back and forth through the diseased tissue. The entire debridement process, or “cutting time,” is remarkably short, typically lasting between 30 and 90 seconds. The patient hears a humming sound but feels no pain due to the local anesthetic.

The TenJet System: A High-Velocity Saline Jet

The primary alternative to Tenex is the TenJet system. While the goal is the same—to remove diseased tendon tissue—the mechanism is different.

  • How It Works: TenJet uses a technology called hydroresection. Instead of ultrasonic energy, it employs a highly pressurized, high-velocity jet of sterile saline that shoots out from the tip of its specialized needle. This powerful fluid stream acts like a water knife, cutting and excising soft, degenerative tissue.
  • Simultaneous Aspiration: Like Tenex, the TenJet wand has a built-in suction feature that immediately removes resected tissue and excess saline, keeping the operative field clear and preventing pressure buildup.
  • Comparison: Both Tenex and TenJet are excellent tools. The choice between them often comes down to physician preference, training, and the specific characteristics of the tendon being treated. Both offer a significant advantage over traditional surgery by minimizing tissue trauma and accelerating recovery.

The Power of Integrative Care: Our Multidisciplinary Model

Performing an advanced procedure like percutaneous tenotomy is only one piece of the puzzle. True, lasting healing requires a comprehensive, integrative approach that addresses the patient as a whole. This is the core philosophy of our practice at Injury Medical Clinic.

My unique qualifications as a Doctor of Chiropractic (DC), an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP-BC), and a certified Functional Medicine practitioner allow me to view health through multiple lenses. This is further strengthened by our collaborative structure with Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, our esteemed Medical Director.

Dr. Cardenas is a Board-Certified Internist with an NPI of #1164426749 and Texas Medical License #J2933. With over four decades of clinical experience, she provides invaluable medical oversight for our practice. This multidisciplinary setup, where an MD and a DC work in tandem, ensures that our patients receive care that is both holistic and medically sound. We integrate the following services to create a powerful, synergistic treatment plan:

  1. Medical Oversight and Diagnosis (Dr. Cardenas): Dr. Cardenas’s internal medicine expertise is crucial for screening patients, managing comorbidities, and ensuring advanced procedures are medically appropriate. Her role guarantees the highest standards of patient safety.
  2. Functional Medicine Investigation (Dr. Jimenez): Why did the tendon fail in the first place? Functional medicine helps us answer this question. We investigate underlying factors like nutritional deficiencies (e.g., Vitamin C, zinc), systemic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction (like insulin resistance), and hormonal imbalances that can impair tissue repair. Addressing these root causes is essential for preventing recurrence.
  3. Integrative Chiropractic Care (Dr. Jimenez): A tendinopathy in the elbow or foot doesn’t exist in a vacuum. It is often linked to biomechanical dysfunction elsewhere in the body. As a chiropractor, I assess and correct kinetic chain imbalances. For example:
    • Tennis Elbow: This is often related to poor mechanics in the shoulder, scapula, and even the thoracic spine. Chiropractic adjustments and soft tissue mobilization can restore proper joint mobility and muscle firing patterns, reducing strain on the elbow.
    • Plantar Fasciitis: This is frequently linked to ankle immobility, tight calf muscles, or even pelvic misalignments that alter gait mechanics. Chiropractic care can address these upstream biomechanical faults. By correcting the body’s overall structure and movement patterns, we offload the healing tendon and create an environment where it is no longer subjected to repetitive microtrauma.
  4. Targeted Rehabilitation: Following a procedure like Tenex, the body needs the right signals to rebuild the tendon with strong, organized collagen. Our rehabilitation programs are designed to do just that. We progress patients from gentle range-of-motion exercises to eccentric loading exercises, which are scientifically proven to stimulate collagen synthesis and tendon remodeling (Alfredson et al., 1998). This phase is critical for translating the procedure’s structural fix into functional strength and resilience.

A Patient’s Journey at Our Clinic: From Pain to Performance

Let’s walk through a typical patient journey for someone with chronic tennis elbow:

  1. Initial Consultation & Diagnosis: The journey begins with a comprehensive evaluation. This includes a detailed history, physical exam, and diagnostic ultrasound to confirm tendinopathy and pinpoint the exact location of the diseased tissue.
  2. Collaborative Review: Dr. Cardenas and I review the case to confirm the diagnosis and ensure the patient is a good candidate for percutaneous tenotomy. We rule out any medical contraindications.
  3. Root Cause Analysis: We conduct a functional medicine workup, which may include blood tests to check inflammatory markers, nutrient levels, and metabolic health indicators.
  4. The Procedure: We perform the Tenex procedure in our office. The patient walks in and walks out, typically needing only a small adhesive bandage over the entry site.
  5. Post-Procedure Care: The initial phase focuses on rest and pain management, then quickly transitions to the active phase.
  6. Integrative Chiropractic & Rehabilitation: This is where the magic happens. The patient begins a structured program that includes:
    • Chiropractic adjustments to the spine, shoulder, and wrist to optimize biomechanics.
    • Soft tissue therapies like Active Release Technique (ART) or Graston to address scar tissue in surrounding muscles.
    • A progressive rehabilitation plan starting with gentle isometrics and progressing to the crucial eccentric strengthening exercises.
  7. Nutritional & Lifestyle Support: Based on the functional medicine findings, we provide targeted nutritional advice and supplements to support collagen production and reduce systemic inflammation.

By combining the precision of percutaneous tenotomy with the holistic framework of integrative chiropractic and functional medicine, we don’t just eliminate pain; we rebuild a more resilient, functional person. This is the future of musculoskeletal care—a future we are proud to offer our patients in El Paso today.


References

Alfredson, H., Pietilä, T., Jonsson, P., & Lorentzon, R. (1998). Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(3), 360–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260030301

Seng, K., & Lee, K. (2020). Percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy for tendinopathies. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 5(3), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5030054


Integrative Medicine: What to Know About HRT & Menopause


Find out the benefits of HRT conbined with integrative medicine and how it can transform your menopause experience.

Abstract

Menopause represents a profound biological shift, extending far beyond a simple decline in hormones. While Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is a cornerstone of treatment, it often falls short of resolving persistent symptoms like hot flashes, fatigue, brain fog, weight gain, and mood instability. This is because menopause is not merely a hormonal issue; it is a complex metabolic event rooted in three core biological problems: persistent inflammation (elevated C-reactive protein and oxidative stress), mitochondrial dysfunction (impaired cellular energy production), and localized insulin resistance. These factors prevent HRT from working effectively and contribute to the challenging symptoms many experience. In this educational post, I’ll explore these underlying biological drivers from my perspective as Dr. Alex Jimenez. We will delve into groundbreaking research highlighting the catastrophic decline of NAD+ during this transition and its impact on mitochondrial health. I will outline a comprehensive, evidence-based strategy that goes beyond standard HRT. This integrative approach combines targeted hormonal support with essential nutritional interventions, including key minerals and vitamins like magnesium, potassium, vitamin D3/K2, boron, zinc, taurine, and methylated B vitamins. Furthermore, I will explain how our unique clinical model at Injury Medical Clinic PA in El Paso, Texas, integrates my expertise in chiropractic and functional medicine with the invaluable medical oversight of Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, our board-certified Medical Director. Together, we provide a multidisciplinary framework to address the neuro-musculoskeletal, hormonal, and metabolic facets of menopausal health, helping you reclaim your vitality and well-being.

Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC, CFMP, IFMCP, ATN, CCST
Injury Medical Clinic PA
Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD (Board Certified in Internal Medicine)
Medical Director & Collaborative Physician
NPI #1164426749, Texas MD License #J2933

As a clinician with dual credentials in chiropractic care (DC) and as a Family Nurse Practitioner (APRN, FNP-BC), and with advanced certifications in functional medicine (CFMP, IFMCP), I have dedicated my career to understanding the intricate web of human physiology. My practice, Injury Medical Clinic PA, is built on an integrative model that merges multiple disciplines to achieve comprehensive patient outcomes. A cornerstone of this model is my collaboration with Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD. With over four decades of experience as a board-certified internist, Dr. Cardenas serves as our Medical Director, providing essential medical oversight and clinical wisdom that enriches our patient care protocols. This multidisciplinary partnership allows us to create treatment plans that are holistic and grounded in the highest standards of medical and evidence-based practice.
In my years of clinical observation, particularly through the lens of functional medicine, I have seen countless women navigate the challenging transition of perimenopause and menopause. Many arrive at my clinic feeling frustrated and unheard. They have often been told their symptoms are “just part of aging” or are purely hormonal, yet standard Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) has failed to provide complete relief. They still struggle with debilitating fatigue, persistent hot flashes, unexplained weight gain, and a rollercoaster of emotions. The transcript I am about to elaborate on touches upon the very core of this issue—a critical misunderstanding of the menopausal process. It is not just about hormones; it is about biology. Specifically, it is about cellular energy, inflammation, and metabolic health.
In this detailed post, I will expand on these concepts and translate the latest scientific research into a practical, easy-to-understand journey. We will explore why simply “running HRT” is like putting high-performance fuel into an engine that is clogged and misfiring. The fuel is essential, but it cannot fix the underlying mechanical problems. We will uncover the three main biological dysfunctions that sabotage hormonal balance and learn how to address them with a targeted, integrative approach that combines precise hormonal support, chiropractic care for neuro-musculoskeletal integrity, and functional nutrition. My goal is to empower you with the knowledge to move beyond just surviving menopause and truly start thriving.

The Great Misconception: Why HRT Alone Is Not Enough

For decades, the prevailing narrative surrounding menopause has been one of simple hormonal deficiency. The logic seems straightforward: as the ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone, replacing these hormones should restore balance and ease symptoms. While Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can be a crucial and life-changing intervention for many, it is not a silver bullet. My clinical experience, supported by a growing body of evidence-based research, reveals a more complex reality. Many women I see in my practice are already on HRT yet continue to feel, in their own words, “like crap.” They are diligent with their prescriptions, but hot flashes persist, fatigue runs bone-deep, and brain fog clouds their daily lives.
This paradox exists because standard HRT primarily addresses the hormonal deficiency, not the underlying biological dysfunctions unfolding at the same time. Menopause is not just a hormonal event; it is a profound metabolic shift that creates a challenging internal environment. Giving hormones to a body struggling with inflammation, mitochondrial decay, and insulin resistance is like planting a beautiful garden in toxic, nutrient-depleted soil. The seeds (hormones) are there, but they cannot sprout and flourish.
To truly understand and effectively manage menopause, we must look beyond the hormones and address three fundamental biological problems:
Uncontrolled Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: HRT does not inherently lower systemic inflammation markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) or quell the storm of oxidative stress.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Localized Insulin Resistance: HRT does not rebuild our cellular powerhouses—the mitochondria—or correct the specific insulin resistance that develops in the brain and metabolic tissues.
Accelerated Nutrient Depletion: The tissue repair and metabolic acceleration spurred by HRT can deplete essential minerals and cofactors faster, creating new deficiencies if not properly managed.
Let’s dissect each of these issues to understand why they are the real culprits behind persistent menopausal symptoms and how an integrative approach is necessary to restore true wellness.

Biological Problem #1: The Inflammatory Barrier

One of the most common and frustrating experiences for women on HRT is the persistence of hot flashes. You are faithfully applying your estrogen patch or cream, yet you are still waking up drenched in sweat and experiencing sudden waves of intense heat throughout the day. This isn’t because the estrogen isn’t present; it is because a wall of inflammation is blocking its message.

How Inflammation Sabotages Estrogen’s Vasodilatory Effect

Estrogen plays a critical role in thermoregulation (the body’s ability to maintain a stable core temperature), primarily through its effects on the blood vessels. One key function is promoting the production of nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator. Nitric oxide signals smooth muscle in the arterial walls to relax, allowing blood vessels to widen. This process, known as vasodilation, is essential for dissipating heat and maintaining circulatory health. When estrogen levels are optimal and the body is in a low-inflammatory state, this system works beautifully.
However, the menopausal transition often brings a significant increase in systemic inflammation. Multiple factors drive this, including the natural decline of estrogen (which has anti-inflammatory properties), age-related cellular changes, and lifestyle factors. This pro-inflammatory state is characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (like IL-6 and TNF-alpha) and markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP).
Here is the crucial point: inflammation inhibits the nitric oxide pathway. High inflammation and associated oxidative stress (an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants) damage the delicate inner lining of blood vessels, called the endothelium. This condition, known as endothelial dysfunction, prevents the cells from responding properly to estrogen’s signal. So, even when estrogen hits its receptors on the endothelial cells, the inflamed, dysfunctional machinery cannot produce enough nitric oxide.
The result? The blood vessels remain constricted when they should be dilating. The body’s ability to effectively manage heat is compromised. You take your hormone, but you keep the hot flashes. It is a classic case of cellular miscommunication, where the messenger (estrogen) arrives, but the recipient (the blood vessel) is too “sick” with inflammation to understand and execute the command. This is why just increasing the estrogen dose often fails to resolve the issue and can sometimes lead to other problems, like breast tenderness. The solution isn’t always more hormones; it’s first extinguishing the inflammatory fire.

Integrative Chiropractic and Medical Management of Inflammation

At Injury Medical Clinic PA, our approach to taming inflammation is multifaceted, leveraging the strengths of both functional medicine and chiropractic care under the guidance of Dr. Cardenas’s medical expertise.
Medical and Functional Diagnostics: We begin with comprehensive lab testing that goes beyond standard panels. Dr. Cardenas and I often order markers like hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), homocysteine, and lipid peroxides to quantify inflammation and oxidative stress. This gives us a baseline and allows us to track progress objectively.
Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Nutrition: We guide patients through dietary modifications designed to reduce the inflammatory load. This typically involves removing pro-inflammatory foods like processed sugars, industrial seed oils (e.g., soybean, corn oil), and refined carbohydrates while emphasizing a diet rich in phytonutrients from colorful vegetables, healthy fats (like omega-3s from fish, avocados, and olive oil), and clean protein.
Chiropractic Care and the Nervous System: Chronic musculoskeletal stress and spinal misalignments can act as a significant source of systemic inflammation. As a chiropractor, I utilize precise spinal adjustments to restore proper joint mechanics and reduce nerve irritation. This is not just about alleviating back or neck pain. By optimizing nervous system function, particularly the autonomic nervous system, we can help shift the body from a chronic “fight-or-flight” (sympathetic) state to a “rest-and-digest” (parasympathetic) state. The parasympathetic nervous system plays a key role in downregulating inflammation through pathways like the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Correcting spinal dysfunction can therefore be a powerful tool in lowering the body’s overall inflammatory burden, allowing hormones like estrogen to work more effectively.
Supplementation: Based on lab results and clinical presentation, we may recommend powerful anti-inflammatory agents such as high-dose omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin (from turmeric), and resveratrol, which help to quell the inflammatory cascade at a cellular level.
By addressing inflammation first, we create a receptive internal environment. We are not just adding estrogen; we are ensuring the body can hear its message loud and clear. This is the first critical step toward resolving persistent symptoms like hot flashes and improving overall cardiovascular health.

Biological Problem #2: The Energy Crisis—Mitochondrial Collapse and Insulin Resistance

If inflammation is the static interfering with hormonal signals, then mitochondrial dysfunction is the power failure shutting down the entire system. This is arguably the most profound and least-appreciated aspect of the menopausal transition. The pervasive fatigue, brain fog, depression, anxiety, and stubborn weight gain are not just “side effects” of hormonal decline; they are direct consequences of a cellular energy crisis.

Mitochondria: The Powerhouses of Your Cells

To grasp the magnitude of this problem, we need a quick biology refresher. Every one of your trillions of cells contains tiny organelles called mitochondria. Their primary job is to take the fuel from the food you eat—glucose (from carbohydrates) and fatty acids (from fats)—and convert it into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process called cellular respiration.
ATP is the universal energy currency of the body.
Every single biological process requires ATP. Thinking, moving, breathing, pumping your heart, synthesizing hormones and neurotransmitters, regulating your body temperature, repairing tissues—it all runs on ATP. When your mitochondria are robust and efficient, you feel vibrant, sharp, and resilient. When they are dysfunctional, your body’s systems begin to fail.

The Double Whammy in Menopause: Insulin Resistance and NAD+ Decline

During menopause, mitochondria face a perfect storm of challenges that leads to their decline and dysfunction.
1. Localized Insulin Resistance:
You have likely heard of insulin resistance in the context of type 2 diabetes, where muscle and liver cells stop responding to insulin, leading to high blood sugar. However, in menopause, a very specific and insidious form of insulin resistance develops in two critical areas: the hypothalamus (the brain’s master regulatory center) and metabolic tissues (like muscle).
The Problem of “Fuel Overload“: This localized insulin resistance means that even if there is plenty of glucose in the bloodstream, the mitochondria inside these key cells cannot effectively pull it in and use it for energy. Imagine a power plant (the mitochondrion) surrounded by heaps of coal (glucose) but with a broken conveyor belt, unable to get the fuel to the furnace. Cells are literally soaked in glucose but starving for energy.
The Shift to Visceral Fat Storage: This metabolic gridlock has devastating consequences. Because the body cannot efficiently burn glucose or access stored fat from adipocytes (fat cells) for energy, its default survival mechanism kicks in: it stores any excess energy as fat. Worse, it preferentially stores it as visceral fat—the dangerous, inflammatory fat that wraps around your internal organs. This is why so many women in menopause experience rapid weight gain, particularly around the midsection, even when they have not changed their diet or exercise habits. It is not a simple caloric problem of “eating too much and moving too little.” It is a metabolic problem of dysfunctional fuel partitioning. Your biology is programmed to store, not burn.
2. Catastrophic NAD+ Decline:
The second, and perhaps more fundamental, hit to mitochondrial function comes from the decline of a critical molecule called Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+). A groundbreaking 2021 study published in Nature Cell Biology provided definitive proof of something functional medicine practitioners had long observed: NAD+ levels decline catastrophically, and this decline accelerates during menopause (Covarrubias et al., 2021).
NAD+: The Mitochondrial Power Supply: NAD+ is essential for mitochondrial function. It acts as a key electron shuttle in cellular respiration, physically carrying the energy harvested from glucose and fatty acids to the machinery that produces ATP. Think of NAD+ as the fleet of trucks that transports the coal from the yard to the power plant’s furnace.
The Consequences of NAD+ Depletion: Without sufficient NAD+, the entire energy production line grinds to a halt. Even if glucose could get into the cell, the mitochondria lack the essential cofactor to convert it into ATP. This means the mitochondria lose their power supply. The lights go out at the cellular level.

The Clinical Manifestations of an Energy-Starved Brain and Body

This collapse in ATP production, driven by both insulin resistance and NAD+ depletion, is the root cause of the most debilitating symptoms of menopause:
Pervasive Fatigue: This isn’t just feeling tired; it’s profound cellular exhaustion. Your cells lack the ATP to function optimally.
Brain Fog and Cognitive Decline: The brain is the most energy-demanding organ in the body, consuming about 20% of your total ATP production. The prefrontal cortex—the region responsible for executive functions like mood regulation, impulse control, emotional stability, and rational thought—is particularly vulnerable. When it is energy-starved, you experience brain fog, memory lapses, and difficulty concentrating.
Depression, Anxiety, and Irritability: The synthesis and regulation of neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and GABA are highly energy-dependent processes. An energy-starved prefrontal cortex cannot maintain stable levels of these crucial mood-regulating chemicals. They all crash. This is why you can “take antidepressants like Skittles and still feel like trash.” You are treating a downstream symptom (low serotonin) while ignoring the upstream problem: the neurons have no ATP to synthesize serotonin in the first place. You are not “hormonal” or “crazy”—your brain is neurochemically unstable because its cells lack the fundamental energy required for proper function.
Hot Flashes: As we discussed, the hypothalamus controls thermoregulation. When mitochondria in hypothalamic neurons are energy-starved due to NAD+ decline, the entire system becomes unstable, leading to thermoregulatory collapse. This results in the classic hot flashes and night sweats.
Weight Gain and No Libido: The metabolic shift towards fat storage, driven by mitochondrial dysfunction, explains the stubborn weight gain. Libido, a complex interplay of hormones, neurology, and psychology, is also an energy-intensive process that falters when ATP is scarce.
All of these seemingly disconnected symptoms are anchored to one unifying problem: dying, dysfunctional mitochondria. Period. HRT alone does not rebuild mitochondria or restore NAD+ levels. To solve the energy crisis, we need a targeted strategy to reboot our cellular powerhouses.

Rebooting the Mitochondria: An Integrative Strategy

At our clinic, we rebuild mitochondrial health from the ground up, a process that requires a combination of medical, nutritional, and lifestyle interventions.
Restoring Insulin Sensitivity:
Dietary Intervention: The first step is to manage glucose and insulin levels through a low-glycemic diet. This involves reducing or eliminating refined sugars and processed carbohydrates that cause sharp blood sugar spikes. We emphasize a diet rich in fiber, healthy fats, and quality protein to promote stable blood glucose.
Exercise: Both resistance training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are incredibly effective at improving insulin sensitivity in muscle tissue, effectively “re-opening” the door for glucose to enter the cells and be used for energy.
Nutraceuticals: Certain supplements like berberine, alpha-lipoic acid, and chromium can help restore insulin sensitivity at the cellular level, acting on pathways similar to some prescription medications.
Boosting NAD+ Levels:
Precursor Supplementation: We can directly support NAD+ production by supplementing with its precursors, such as Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN). These molecules provide the raw materials the body needs to synthesize more NAD+. This is a cornerstone of addressing the age-related and menopause-accelerated decline documented in research.
Lifestyle Factors: Caloric restriction, fasting, and intense exercise are also potent natural stimulators of NAD+ production through pathways involving proteins called sirtuins.
Supporting Mitochondrial Structure and Function:
Key Cofactors: We ensure patients have adequate levels of nutrients essential for the electron transport chain (the ATP-producing machinery), such as Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), L-carnitine, B vitamins, and magnesium.
Reducing Oxidative Damage: We use antioxidants like PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone), which has been shown to protect mitochondria from oxidative stress and even stimulate the growth of new mitochondria (mitochondrial biogenesis).
By implementing this comprehensive mitochondrial rescue plan, we address the root cause of the energy crisis. We are not just masking symptoms; we are restoring your cells’ fundamental ability to produce energy. This allows the fog to lift, the mood to stabilize, and vitality to return.

Biological Problem #3: The Unseen Drain on Essential Nutrients

The third, often-overlooked biological problem in menopause management is the accelerated depletion of key nutrients. Hormone Replacement Therapy, by its very nature, is designed to stimulate cellular activity and tissue repair—processes that were slowed by hormonal decline. When you reintroduce estrogen and other hormones, you are essentially “turning the metabolic engine back on” and asking it to run faster. This is a good thing, but it comes at a cost.
Think of it like a construction project. Before the project starts, the demand for raw materials (bricks, lumber, wiring) is low. Once construction begins, the demand skyrockets. If the supply of these materials doesn’t increase to meet the new demand, the project will quickly stall.
Similarly, when HRT speeds up metabolic processes and tissue repair, it dramatically increases the body’s demand for the raw materials required for these functions. These “raw materials” are the essential minerals, vitamins, and amino acids that act as cofactors in countless enzymatic reactions. If these nutrients are not supplied in adequate amounts, you can develop deficiencies that undermine the benefits of HRT and create a new set of symptoms.

The Non-Negotiable Raw Supplies for Hormonal and Metabolic Function

Based on decades of research and my own extensive clinical practice, there is a core group of nutrients that I consider non-negotiable for any woman navigating perimenopause and menopause, especially if she is on HRT. The body requires these raw supplies to function correctly, from metabolizing hormones to producing energy and maintaining bone density.
Magnesium: This is the master mineral. Magnesium is a cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body. It is critical for ATP production, nerve function, muscle relaxation, and blood sugar control. It also plays a vital role in the methylation pathway, which is essential for detoxifying estrogens and preventing the buildup of harmful metabolites. Estrogen itself can increase the cellular uptake and utilization of magnesium, leading to a faster depletion. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency—such as anxiety, muscle cramps, insomnia, and heart palpitations—are incredibly common in menopausal women and are often mistaken for hormonal symptoms. If you feel “jittery” on HRT, it is a good chance you are taking too little magnesium (and taurine) to handle the metabolic shift.
Potassium: This electrolyte works in concert with sodium to maintain fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contractions. It is also crucial for maintaining healthy blood pressure. Menopausal hormonal shifts can affect the body’s regulation of fluids and electrolytes, making adequate potassium intake essential.
Vitamin D3 and Vitamin K2: This pair is well known for its role in bone health, which is paramount because estrogen loss accelerates bone density decline. Vitamin D3 facilitates calcium absorption from the gut. Still, Vitamin K2 directs that calcium into the bones and teeth, preventing it from depositing in soft tissues like arteries and kidneys, where it can cause calcification and cardiovascular disease. Their function extends beyond bones; Vitamin D is technically a pro-hormone that influences immune function, mood, and insulin sensitivity.
Boron: This trace mineral is a hidden gem in hormone metabolism. Boron has been shown to increase the half-life and bioavailability of both estrogen and testosterone by slowing their excretion. It also supports bone health and has anti-inflammatory properties. It is a critical, yet often forgotten, nutrient for optimizing HRT.
Zinc: Zinc is essential for immune function, wound healing, and the production of stomach acid for proper digestion. It is also a key cofactor for the enzymes that produce steroid hormones, including progesterone and testosterone. Zinc deficiency can weaken the immune system, impair skin health, and reduce hormone synthesis.
Taurine: This unique amino acid has powerful benefits for menopausal women. Taurine helps to stabilize cell membranes, acts as an antioxidant within mitochondria, and supports cardiovascular health. Crucially, it helps calm the nervous system by supporting GABA function, which can alleviate the anxiety and “jitteriness” that some women experience as their metabolism shifts on HRT. It works synergistically with magnesium to buffer the excitatory effects of a revitalized metabolism.
Methylated B Vitamins: The B-complex vitamins (B6, B12, Folate) are the spark plugs of our metabolism. They are indispensable for energy production in the mitochondria and for a critical biochemical process called methylation. Methylation is required to synthesize neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine), detoxify hormones (especially estrogen), and regulate gene expression. Many individuals have genetic variations (like MTHFR) that impair their ability to convert standard B vitamins into their active, methylated forms. For these individuals, and for most women in menopause, supplementing with pre-activated forms like methylfolate, methylcobalamin (B12), and pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P-5-P, the active form of B6) is non-negotiable. If you experience breast tenderness on HRT, it can be a sign of poor estrogen methylation, often correctable with improved B6 and overall methylation support.
These nutrients are not optional add-ons; they are the fundamental building blocks your body needs to run its new, hormonally supported operating system. Ignoring them is a primary reason why many women fail to achieve the full benefits of HRT.

Aligned & Empowered: Chiropractic Conversations on Women’s Health-Video

The Clinical Playbook: A Practical Guide to Implementation

Understanding the “why” is crucial, but the “how” brings results. Based on the principles we have discussed, here is a practical, evidence-based playbook for navigating menopause. We customize this framework for each patient at our clinic, always under the medical supervision of Dr. Cardenas and me.

Rule #1: The Fourteen-Day Rule for Hormonal Adjustments

This is one of the most important and most frequently violated rules in hormone management. Hormones do not work like aspirin. When you introduce a new hormone or adjust a dose, it takes time for that hormone to distribute throughout the body, saturate the tissues, and achieve a steady state. This process takes approximately two weeks (fourteen days).
If you keep tweaking your dose every three days based on how you feel that particular day, you are chasing a moving target and creating wild fluctuations. You are generating more hormonal chaos, which can actually induce more hot flashes and mood swings than you started with.
The Protocol:
Make one adjustment at a time.
Wait a full fourteen days before assessing the effect and considering another change. Patience is paramount.
Track your symptoms objectively. Use a journal to note the frequency and intensity of hot flashes, sleep quality, mood, and energy levels. This provides data, not just feelings.
Stop messing with doses once your primary symptoms, like hot flash frequency, hit zero or reach a manageable, stable baseline. More is not always better. The goal is to find the lowest effective dose that resolves symptoms.

Standard Dosing Protocols and Formulations

While individual needs vary, a common starting point that is both effective and aligns with physiological principles is as follows:
Transdermal Estradiol: Applied once a day. Using estrogen through the skin (as a patch, gel, or cream) is generally preferred because it bypasses the “first-pass metabolism” in the liver. This avoids the increased risk of blood clots and the elevation of inflammatory markers associated with oral estrogen.
Oral Progesterone: Taken at bedtime only. Micronized oral progesterone has a natural sedative effect that can significantly improve sleep quality. It also protects the uterine lining (in women with a uterus) and has calming, anti-anxiety effects in the brain through its metabolite, allopregnanolone.
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone): Taken in the morning. DHEA is a precursor hormone produced by the adrenal glands that can convert to both estrogen and testosterone. It often helps with energy, mood, and libido. However, it can also convert to androgens that cause side effects.
Troubleshooting DHEA: If you get cranky, irritable, or develop oily skin or acne, the dose may be too high for you, or you may be converting it too readily down the androgen pathway. The simple solution is to cut the DHEA dose in half and reassess.

Essential Lab Monitoring: Test, Don’t Guess

Objective data is your best friend. We cannot effectively manage what we do not measure.
Baseline Labs: Get a comprehensive lab panel done today, before you start any new hormonal or nutritional protocol. This should include a full hormone panel (Estradiol, Progesterone, FSH, Free and Total Testosterone, DHEA-S), thyroid panel (TSH, Free T3, Free T4), and the key metabolic and inflammatory markers we discussed (hs-CRP, Fasting Insulin, Fasting Glucose, HbA1c).
Follow-up Labs: Repeat the panel six weeks after you start the playbook. This timing allows hormones to reach a steady state and the initial effects of nutritional changes to become apparent.
Interpreting Estradiol Levels:
If your estradiol level is over 100 pg/mL, you are likely taking too much. This can increase the risk of side effects like breast tenderness and is often unnecessary for symptom control. The goal is relief, not hormone levels like a 20-year-old.
If your estradiol level is under 30 pg/mL and you are still symptomatic, you likely have room to bump up the dose gently.
Troubleshooting Common Side Effects:
Chest/Breast Tenderness: This is a classic sign of estrogen excess or, as mentioned, poor estrogen methylation. First, lower the estrogen dose. If it persists, we then investigate B6/methylation support.
Feeling Jittery or Anxious: This is rarely from the estrogen itself. It is a good chance you are either taking too much DHEA or, more commonly, you have too little magnesium and taurine on board to handle the increased metabolic rate and neuronal firing that comes with hormonal restoration.

The Integrative Chiropractic and Medical Framework at Injury Medical Clinic

This entire playbook is embedded within our unique clinical structure at Injury Medical Clinic PA. Drawing on my chiropractic and functional medicine background, my role is to identify and address the foundational pillars of health: the neuro-musculoskeletal system, metabolic function, and nutritional status.
As a chiropractor, I focus on keeping the nervous system—the body’s master control system—free from interference. Spinal health is not just about pain; it is about facilitating optimal communication between the brain and the body. By restoring proper alignment and motion, we can help downregulate the sympathetic “stress” response and reduce a key source of systemic inflammation, creating a more favorable environment for hormones to work.
This is where our collaboration with Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas becomes so vital. As our Medical Director and a highly experienced internist, she provides the essential medical oversight required for any protocol involving prescription hormones like estradiol and progesterone. Dr. Cardenas reviews lab work, consults on dosing strategies, and manages the prescriptive aspects of care, ensuring everything we do is safe, effective, and adheres to the highest medical standards. Her four decades of internal medicine experience provide an invaluable perspective on complex cases and potential comorbidities.
Together, we bridge conventional medicine and functional/chiropractic care. A patient might see me for a chiropractic adjustment to address nerve irritation contributing to her systemic stress load, receive a detailed nutritional plan based on functional medicine principles to rebuild her mitochondria, and have Dr. Cardenas manage and fine-tune her HRT prescription. We also incorporate rehabilitation, personal injury care, and other services as needed, creating a truly holistic and patient-centered experience.
This multidisciplinary setup allows us to treat the whole person. We don’t just chase symptoms or look at a single hormone level in isolation. We are rebuilding the biological foundation of health, brick by brick, so that you can not only get through menopause but emerge on the other side with more energy, clarity, and vitality than you have felt in years. The journey requires a deep understanding of physiology, a commitment to evidence-based protocols, and, most importantly, patience. But the result—reclaiming your life—is worth the effort.

References

Covarrubias, A. J., Kale, A., Perrone, R., López-Domínguez, J. A., Pisco, A. O., Kasler, H. G., Schmidt, M. S., He, Y., Goya, R. G., & Verdin, E. (2021). Senescent cells promote tissue NAD+ decline during aging via the activation of CD38+ macrophages. Nature Cell Biology, 23(11), 1265–1279. [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-021-00781-6](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-021-00781-6)

SEO Tags: menopause, perimenopause, HRT, hormone replacement therapy, hot flashes, mitochondrial dysfunction, NAD+, insulin resistance, functional medicine, integrative chiropractic care, Dr. Alex Jimenez, Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, El Paso, TX, inflammation, CRP, magnesium, vitamin D3, methylated B vitamins, DHEA, progesterone, estradiol, brain fog, menopause weight gain, menopause fatigue, functional neurology

Unlocking Frozen Shoulder: Hydrodistension and Integrative Care

Unlocking Frozen Shoulder: Hydrodistension and Integrative Care

Abstract

This educational post explores the advanced technique of hydrodistension (or hydroplasty) for treating adhesive capsulitis, commonly known as frozen shoulder. As a practitioner rooted in integrative and functional medicine, I continually seek the most effective, evidence-based solutions for my patients. Here, I’ll guide you through a detailed look at the hydrodistension procedure, drawing on insights from leading sports medicine experts. We will examine the anatomical basis, the procedural steps, and the physiological mechanisms that make this technique a powerful tool for restoring mobility and relieving pain. I will also explain how this intervention fits within our multidisciplinary practice at Injury Medical Clinic, where my work as a Doctor of Chiropractic and Family Nurse Practitioner is complemented by the medical oversight of our Medical Director, Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive treatment journey that combines advanced medical procedures with chiropractic care, rehabilitation, and functional medicine to achieve lasting patient outcomes.

Unlocking Frozen Shoulder: Hydrodistension and Integrative Care

At Injury Medical Clinic, our philosophy is built on collaboration and integration. My name is Dr. Alex Jimenez, and I bring a multifaceted perspective to patient care, holding qualifications as a Doctor of Chiropractic (DC), an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), a Board-Certified Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP-BC), and certifications in Functional Medicine (CFMP, IFMCP), among others. This diverse background allows me to view health and injury through a uniquely broad lens.

A cornerstone of our practice is our multidisciplinary team approach. I work closely with Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, our esteemed Medical Director and an internist with over 40 years of experience. Her role is vital, providing essential medical direction and oversight that ensures our patients receive care that is not only effective but also safe and comprehensive. This partnership between a chiropractor/nurse practitioner and an internist lets us blend the best of the medical and chiropractic worlds, offering services ranging from personal injury rehabilitation and functional medicine to advanced interventional procedures. Today, I want to share insights into one such procedure that exemplifies this integrated model: hydrodistension for frozen shoulder.

Understanding Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

Before diving into the procedure, let’s understand the condition it treats. Adhesive capsulitis, or frozen shoulder, is a debilitating condition characterized by severe pain and a progressive loss of shoulder motion. The underlying pathology involves the glenohumeral joint capsule—the strong, fibrous sac that envelops the shoulder joint. In a healthy shoulder, this capsule is flexible and allows for a wide range of motion. In adhesive capsulitis, the capsule becomes inflamed, thickens, and contracts, effectively “shrinking” around the joint. This process leads to the formation of adhesions, which are bands of scar tissue that bind the capsule to the humeral head (the ball of the shoulder joint), severely restricting movement.

Patients typically experience three phases:

  1. Freezing Stage: A gradual onset of deep, aching pain, often worse at night. As pain intensifies, range of motion begins to decrease. This stage can last from weeks to months.
  2. Frozen Stage: Pain may start to subside, but stiffness becomes the primary complaint. The shoulder’s range of motion is significantly limited, making daily activities like dressing or reaching overhead extremely difficult. This phase can last for several months to a year.
  3. Thawing Stage: Shoulder mobility slowly improves as the condition resolves. This can be a very long process, sometimes taking one to two years to regain full or near-full function.

The goal of any effective treatment is to shorten these phases, alleviate pain, and restore function as quickly and completely as possible.

Hydrodistension: An Advanced Technique for Restoring Mobility

Hydrodistension, also known as hydroplasty, is a minimally invasive procedure designed specifically for adhesive capsulitis. The fundamental principle is to physically stretch and break the adhesions within the joint capsule by injecting a large volume of fluid. This creates more space within the joint, allowing for an immediate improvement in range of motion.

I recently had the opportunity to review the work of a primary care sports medicine physician. Their meticulous, ultrasound-guided approach is an excellent model for understanding how to perform this procedure safely and effectively. Let’s break down his process, which serves as a benchmark in modern, evidence-based practice.

To visualize the target area, we can look at an ultrasound image of the posterior (back) shoulder.

In the image, you can clearly see the layers of tissue:

  • The deltoid muscle on the surface.
  • The infraspinatus muscle (one of the rotator cuff muscles) just below it.
  • The posterior capsule, the key target, which appears as a bright, fibrous line.
  • The humeral head, the “ball” of the shoulder joint.
  • The glenoid, the “socket” of the shoulder joint.

The goal is to accurately place a needle into the glenohumeral joint space—the small area between the capsule and the humeral head—to deliver the fluid.

The Three-Step Hydrodistension Procedure

The doctor’s method is a well-orchestrated, three-step process designed for maximum patient comfort and procedural success. It involves precise, ultrasound-guided injections to ensure accuracy and safety at every stage.

Step 1: Suprascapular Nerve Block

The first and arguably most compassionate step is to manage the patient’s pain during and after the procedure. This is achieved with a suprascapular nerve block.

  • The Target: The suprascapular nerve, which provides approximately 70% of the sensory innervation to the shoulder joint. By numbing this nerve, we can significantly reduce procedure-related pain and provide intermediate relief for hours afterward. The nerve is targeted at the spinoglenoid notch, a small anatomical landmark located just medial to the glenohumeral joint.
  • The Technique: Using an ultrasound, Dr. visualizes the spinoglenoid notch and guides a needle to the area. He then injects a local anesthetic, typically a combination of lidocaine (fast-acting) and ropivacaine (long-acting). This dual-anesthetic approach provides both immediate and extended pain control.
  • Why It’s Done: This nerve block is crucial for patient tolerance. The hydrodistension itself can be uncomfortable as the capsule stretches. By preemptively blocking the primary sensory nerve, the patient remains comfortable, and the physician can perform the procedure without causing undue distress. This aligns with our patient-centered approach at Injury Medical Clinic, where comfort and safety are paramount.

Step 2: Numbing the Joint Capsule

Next, anesthetize the injection site and the joint capsule.

  • The Target: The posterior glenohumeral joint space.
  • The Technique: A smaller, 25-gauge needle is guided under ultrasound into the joint space. A small amount of buffered lidocaine is injected. The “buffering” is done by adding sodium bicarbonate to the lidocaine, which raises its pH to be closer to that of the body’s tissues. This simple modification reduces the stinging sensation of the injection, further enhancing patient comfort.
  • Why It’s Done: This local numbing ensures the larger needle in the final step is painless. It also confirms that the needle tip is correctly positioned within the intra-articular space before the main injection begins.

Step 3: The Hydrodistension Injection

This is the main event, where the therapeutic distension occurs.

  • The Injectate: A carefully formulated mixture totaling 51 mL. It consists of:
    • 10 mL of 1% lidocaine (fast-acting anesthetic)
    • 10 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine (long-acting anesthetic)
    • 30 mL of sterile saline (the primary volume for distension)
    • 1 mL of Kenalog (40 mg) (a corticosteroid to reduce inflammation)
  • The Technique: A larger, 18-gauge needle is guided into the same intra-articular position. This is often a two-person job; The doctor guides the needle while his medical assistant steadily pushes the large volume of fluid from the syringe. As the fluid is injected, the ultrasound screen provides real-time feedback. You can literally watch the posterior capsule lift and stretch away from the humeral head as it fills with fluid.
  • The “Break”: The goal is to continue injecting until the capsule is stretched to its limit and the adhesions break. On ultrasound, this appears as a sudden expansion followed by slight deflation as the fluid finds new space within the joint, or may even extravasate (leak) through a small tear in the now-stretched capsule. This visible “break” is the hallmark of a successful procedure. The patient often feels an immediate sense of release and an increase in their range of motion.

Using a corticosteroid like Kenalog is critical. It strongly suppresses the inflammatory process that drives capsule thickening and contraction. This not only relieves pain but also helps prevent rapid re-formation of adhesions, creating a therapeutic window for the next phase of care: rehabilitation.

The Role of Integrative Chiropractic Care Post-Procedure

The hydrodistension procedure is a powerful “reset” for the shoulder, but it is not a standalone cure. The real, long-term success comes from what happens next. The days and weeks following the procedure are a critical window of opportunity to restore normal joint mechanics and muscle function. This is where our integrative model at Injury Medical Clinic truly shines.

As a Doctor of Chiropractic, I immediately focus on capitalizing on the newly gained mobility. My clinical observations, detailed on platforms like my professional website and LinkedIn, consistently show that a structured, multi-faceted rehabilitation program is essential.

Our post-hydrodistension protocol includes:

  • Gentle Chiropractic Mobilization: After the procedure, I perform specific, gentle mobilization techniques on the glenohumeral joint and surrounding joints, including the scapulothoracic (shoulder blade on the rib cage), acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular joints. The goal isn’t aggressive manipulation, but to encourage smooth, physiological movement and prevent the joint from stiffening again. We must respect the body’s healing process while re-educating the joint on how to move correctly.
  • Targeted Soft Tissue Therapy: Adhesions don’t just form in the capsule; the surrounding muscles often become tight, guarded, and develop trigger points. We use techniques like myofascial release, instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), and trigger point therapy to release tension in the rotator cuff, deltoid, and periscapular muscles. This restores muscle pliability and reduces compensatory strain patterns.
  • Prescriptive Rehabilitation Exercises: This is the most crucial component. We guide patients through a phased exercise program that begins with gentle pendulum exercises and passive range-of-motion on the day of the procedure. As tolerance improves, we progress to:
    • Active-assisted range of motion (using the other arm or a pulley to help move the affected shoulder).
    • Active range of motion (moving the shoulder under its own power).
    • Strengthening exercises, starting with isometrics and progressing to resistance bands to rebuild the strength and endurance of the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers.

Under the medical direction of Dr. Cardenas, we ensure this rehabilitation process is medically appropriate for the patient, monitoring for complications and managing post-procedural inflammation. This collaborative oversight allows us to safely push the boundaries of recovery.

Conclusion: An Integrated Path to Recovery

Treating complex conditions like adhesive capsulitis requires more than a single intervention. It demands a holistic, integrated approach that addresses the problem from multiple angles. The hydrodistension procedure, as expertly demonstrated by physicians, provides a powerful mechanical and pharmacological intervention to break the cycle of stiffness and pain. It creates a pivotal opportunity for recovery.

However, the comprehensive, team-based care that follows truly solidifies the gains and leads to lasting results. At Injury Medical Clinic, our unique structure—combining my expertise in chiropractic and functional medicine with the invaluable medical oversight of Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas—allows us to provide that. We bridge the gap between advanced medical procedures and hands-on rehabilitative care, guiding our patients on a seamless journey from profound limitation to renewed function and a life free from pain.


References

  • Boutin, R. D., Darrow, M. A., & Schenker, M. L. (2014). Ultrasound-guided shoulder interventions. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 25(2), 247–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2014.01.002
  • Ryan, V., Brown, H., Minns Lowe, C. J., & Lewis, J. S. (2016). The pathophysiology associated with primary (idiopathic) frozen shoulder: A systematic review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 17(1), 340. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-1190-9
  • Tveitå, E. K., & Røe, C. (2009). Ultrasound-guided hydrodistension and physiotherapy for patients with frozen shoulder. Physiotherapy Research International, 14(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.422

Systemic Inflammation Uncovered With Chiropractic Rehabilitation

Explore chiropractic rehabilitation for systemic inflammation and its impact on chronic disease and immune health in this comprehensive guide.

Abstract: Unraveling the Single Root of Chronic Illness

In this comprehensive educational post, I will guide you through the intricate world of systemic inflammation, a persistent, low-grade immune response that modern science now identifies as the single unifying mechanism behind many of our most devastating chronic diseases. We will explore how this state of constant immune activation, driven by a specific type of immune cell called the M1 macrophage, fuels conditions ranging from type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. I will break down the complex immunology, explaining the crucial difference between the “burn it all down” M1 macrophages and their “clean it all up” counterparts, the M2 macrophages. Drawing on groundbreaking research from leading journals like The Lancet and Nature Medicine, we will see how elevated inflammatory markers are as predictive of mortality as well-known risk factors like smoking. We will also delve into the critical role of the thymus gland in immune regulation and how its dysfunction can lead to what is commonly mislabeled as “autoimmune” disease. Finally, I will connect these cutting-edge concepts to our clinical approach at Injury Medical Clinic. I will explain how our unique, multidisciplinary model—integrating my expertise in chiropractic care, functional medicine, and as a Family Nurse Practitioner with the invaluable medical oversight of our Medical Director, Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD—allows us to address the upstream root cause of inflammation, rather than just managing its downstream symptoms. This post will illuminate how integrative strategies, from precise chiropractic adjustments to targeted functional medicine protocols, work synergistically to restore balance to the body and pave the way for true, lasting health.


Introducing Our Collaborative Care Model at Injury Medical Clinic

Before we embark on this deep dive into the science of inflammation, I believe it’s essential to provide some context about our unique clinical environment and the philosophy that guides our patient care. I am Dr. Alex Jimenez, and my journey in healthcare has led me to acquire a diverse set of credentials: DC (Doctor of Chiropractic), APRN (Advanced Practice Registered Nurse), FNP-BC (Family Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified), CFMP (Certified Functional Medicine Practitioner), IFMCP (Institute for Functional Medicine Certified Practitioner), ATN (Advanced Therapeutix Network), and CCST (Chiropractic Certification in Spinal Trauma). This extensive training reflects my core belief that true healing requires a multifaceted approach that honors the body’s intricate, interconnected systems.

Here at Injury Medical Clinic PA in El Paso, Texas, we have built a practice on this very principle. Our strength lies in our multidisciplinary, integrative framework. I am honored to work alongside Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, a distinguished physician with over 40 years of experience as a board-certified internist. Dr. Cardenas serves as our Medical Director and Collaborative Physician, providing essential medical oversight and a depth of clinical wisdom that is simply irreplaceable. Her Texas MD License is #J2933, and her NPI is #1164426749.

This collaborative setup, where an MD provides medical direction alongside a chiropractor and functional medicine practitioner, is a cornerstone of modern integrative care. It allows us to offer a comprehensive spectrum of services under one roof, including:

  • Medical Oversight (Dr. Cardenas): Ensuring all treatment plans are medically sound, safe, and appropriate, especially for patients with complex comorbidities or those requiring medical interventions.
  • Chiropractic Care (Dr. Jimenez): Focusing on the biomechanical and neurological integrity of the body, particularly the spine, to optimize nervous system function and reduce physical stressors that can drive inflammation.
  • Functional Medicine (Dr. Jimenez): Investigating the root causes of disease by looking at genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors to create personalized treatment plans.
  • Personal Injury and Rehabilitation: Providing specialized care for individuals who have sustained injuries, guiding them from acute pain to full functional recovery.
  • Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics: Utilizing cutting-edge tools to understand and treat complex health issues.

Together, Dr. Cardenas and I, along with our dedicated team, bridge the gap between conventional medicine and holistic care. We don’t see the body as a collection of separate parts but as a single, dynamic organism. This integrated perspective is precisely what is needed to tackle a pervasive issue like systemic inflammation, the central topic of our discussion today.


The Unseen Fire: Understanding Systemic Inflammation

In my years of clinical practice, I have seen countless patients come to me with a constellation of seemingly unrelated symptoms: joint pain, brain fog, fatigue, digestive issues, high blood pressure, and stubborn weight gain. They have often been to multiple specialists, each providing a different diagnosis and a different prescription. Yet, they remain unwell. Conventional medicine has traditionally focused on treating the downstream effects—the smoke—while ignoring the upstream fire. That fire, more often than not, is systemic inflammation.

So, what exactly is systemic inflammation? It’s what happens when your body’s immune system, your internal defense force, gets stuck in the “on” position and never turns off. Imagine a fire alarm that blares constantly, day and night. Initially, the alarm serves a vital purpose—to alert you to danger. But when it rings incessantly, it becomes a problem in itself, creating noise, stress, and chaos. This is precisely what occurs in the body. Acute inflammation is a life-saving response to injury or infection. It’s the redness, swelling, and heat you feel when you sprain an ankle. It’s a targeted, short-lived process designed to eliminate a threat and initiate healing. Systemic inflammation, however, is different. It is chronic, low-grade, and body-wide. It’s a smoldering fire that silently damages tissues and organs over months, years, and even decades.

The Cellular Architects of Inflammation: Meet the Macrophages

To truly grasp this concept, we need to zoom in to the cellular level and meet the primary orchestrators of this process: the macrophages. These are biology’s main innate immune cells, the frontline soldiers of your immune system. They are versatile, dynamic cells that can change their function based on the signals they receive from their environment. Think of them as cellular chameleons.

From my perspective as a functional medicine practitioner, understanding this cellular behavior is paramount. The key insight is that macrophages exist on a functional spectrum.

  • M1 Macrophages: The “Burn It All Down“ Brigade: At one end of this spectrum, we have the M1 phenotype. When a macrophage adopts this M1 state, it becomes fiercely pro-inflammatory. Its mission is to destroy invaders—be they bacteria, viruses, or damaged cells. To do this, it unleashes a powerful arsenal of chemical weapons, including inflammatory cytokines like Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). It also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), highly reactive molecules that cause oxidative stress and cellular damage. Think of the M1 macrophage as being in a “burn it all down” mode. In an acute infection, this response is essential for survival.
  • M2 Macrophages: The “Clean It All Up“ Crew: At the other end of the spectrum lies the M2 phenotype. These macrophages are anti-inflammatory and are focused on resolution and repair. Their job is to complete the inflammatory cycle. They produce calming, healing molecules like Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β). They also secrete an enzyme called arginase-1, which helps promote tissue growth. M2 macrophages are the cleanup crew; they clear away cellular debris left over from the battle, coordinate tissue repair, and effectively tell the immune system to stand down. Think of the M2 macrophage as being in a “clean it all up and rebuild” mode.

A healthy immune response involves a seamless and timely transition from an M1-dominant phase to an M2-dominant phase. The problem in systemic inflammation is that this transition never happens. The macrophages get stuck in the pro-inflammatory M1 mode. They continuously pump out TNF-alpha and IL-6, not just in one isolated tissue, but throughout your entire bloodstream, bathing every organ in a toxic, inflammatory soup.

The Stark Reality: Inflammation as a Predictor of Mortality

Just how serious is this? The gravity of this situation cannot be overstated. For a long time, we understood inflammation was bad, but we may have underestimated its direct impact on overall mortality. That changed with compelling, large-scale human studies. For instance, a landmark 2022 study published in The Lancet provided chilling evidence. Researchers demonstrated that elevated blood levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha are independent predictors of all-cause mortality. The hazard ratios—a statistical measure of how much an event is more likely to happen in one group versus another—were comparable to those associated with smoking (Myrberg et al., 2022).

Let that sink in for a moment. Having chronically elevated inflammatory markers in your blood is as dangerous to your long-term survival as being a regular smoker. This finding fundamentally reframes how we must view and treat chronic disease. It elevates systemic inflammation from a contributing factor to a primary therapeutic target. In our clinic, when we run blood panels and see high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-6, or TNF-alpha creeping up, we don’t see it as a footnote. We see it as a five-alarm fire that requires immediate and decisive action.


The Unifying Mechanism: How One Problem Creates Every Problem

One of the most profound paradigm shifts in modern medicine is the recognition that many distinct chronic diseases are not, in fact, distinct at all. They are different manifestations of the same underlying pathological process. The common denominator, the single unifying mechanism, is chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, a concept often referred to as “inflammaging” (a portmanteau of inflammation and aging).

A pivotal 2023 paper in Nature Medicine articulated this concept beautifully. It showed how inflammaging is the fundamental process driving the development and progression of what we once considered separate conditions: type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, dementia, and even many forms of cancer (Pawelec, 2023).

This is a game-changer. It means we can stop playing a frustrating game of whack-a-mole, chasing individual symptoms and diseases, and instead focus on extinguishing the central fire. The CliffsNotes version is this: If you can successfully fix systemic inflammation, you are simultaneously addressing the root cause of essentially every major chronic disease that threatens your health and longevity.

Let’s explore how this destructive program plays out in different organ systems. The insidious nature of systemic inflammation is that it doesn’t give you one problem; it gives you every problem at once, because the same pathological M1 macrophage phenotype runs the same destructive program in every tissue simultaneously.

The Brain on Fire: Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline

Nowhere is the devastation of systemic inflammation more apparent or more tragic than in the brain. Your brain has its own resident population of macrophages, specialized immune cells called microglia. In a healthy brain, microglia are caretakers. They prune unused synapses, clear away metabolic waste, and support neuronal health. They are primarily in a quiescent or M2-like state.

However, when the body is steeped in systemic inflammation, or when the brain itself suffers an insult (like a traumatic injury or infection), these microglia can shift into a chronic M1-activated state. Once they flip this switch, they become arguably the most destructive force inside your skull.

  • Cytokine-Mediated Damage: Chronically activated M1 microglia start spewing out the same inflammatory cytokines we discussed earlier—TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β. These molecules are directly toxic to neurons. They disrupt synaptic transmission, the very basis of communication between brain cells. This is like having constant static on the line, making it difficult for thoughts to form and memories to be retrieved. This cytokine storm wreaks havoc on the delicate architecture of your neural networks.
  • Oxidative Stress: M1 microglia are also potent producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This creates intense oxidative stress, damaging cellular components like lipids, proteins, and even DNA. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress because of its high metabolic rate and its high concentration of fatty acids, which are easily oxidized.
  • Suppression of Neurogenesis: One of the most critical functions of these inflammatory cytokines is shutting down the production of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). You can think of BDNF as the “growth hormone” for your neurons. It is essential for neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to learn, adapt, and form new connections. When BDNF levels plummet, the brain’s capacity for repair and growth grinds to a halt. Neurons become more vulnerable to dying off, and the formation of new memories is severely impaired.

From my clinical observations, this process of neuroinflammation is the common soil from which a host of neurological and psychiatric conditions grow. We tend to categorize them as separate diseases with separate causes:

  • Alzheimer’s Disease
  • Parkinson’s Disease
  • Dementia
  • Chronic Brain Fog
  • Depression and Anxiety

But the latest research compels us to see them through a new lens. These aren’t fundamentally different brain diseases. At their core, they’re the same neuroinflammatory issue manifesting in different architectural locations within the brain. In Alzheimer’s, the inflammation may be concentrated in the hippocampus and cortex, affecting memory. In Parkinson’s, it targets the dopamine-producing neurons of the substantia nigra, affecting movement. In depression, it disrupts the circuits of the prefrontal cortex and limbic system, affecting mood regulation. The location changes, but the underlying pathological process—chronic microglial M1 activation—is the same.

The Body Under Siege: Inflammation in Other Tissues

This same destructive pattern repeats itself throughout the body.

  • Adipose (Fat) Tissue: In obesity, adipose tissue becomes a major source of systemic inflammation. Fat cells (adipocytes) enlarge and become stressed, attracting M1 macrophages. This turns your body fat into a veritable factory for inflammatory cytokines, creating a vicious cycle where inflammation promotes fat storage, and that fat, in turn, produces more inflammation. This is a key driver of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
  • Liver: In the liver, chronic inflammation driven by M1 macrophages (known as Kupffer cells in the liver) leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can progress to more serious conditions like steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
  • Endothelium: The endothelium is the thin layer of cells lining your blood vessels. When it’s chronically inflamed, it becomes “sticky,” promoting atherosclerotic plaque formation. This is the root cause of atherosclerosis, which leads to heart attacks and strokes. The M1 macrophages in the vessel wall engulf oxidized cholesterol, becoming foam cells—the primary component of these dangerous plaques.
  • Muscles and Joints: In my work as a chiropractor, I see the musculoskeletal effects of inflammation daily. Systemic inflammation can sensitize pain receptors, leading to widespread muscle aches (myalgia) and joint pain (arthralgia). It contributes to cartilage breakdown in conditions like osteoarthritis and is the central driver of inflammatory arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis.

The takeaway is clear and powerful. The patient with diabetes, the patient with heart disease, the patient with dementia, and the patient with chronic pain are not suffering from unrelated problems. They are all suffering from the consequences of a single, dysregulated biological process: a macrophage population stuck in overdrive.


The Immune System’s Misdirection: The Role of the Thymus Gland

So, why does the immune system lose its way? Why does it start attacking the body it’s meant to protect? This brings us to a small but mighty organ that is often overlooked in adult medicine: the thymus gland. Located behind your sternum, between your lungs, the thymus is the master training ground for a critical type of immune cell called the T cell.

Think of the thymus as the elite special forces training academy for your immune system. Its job is to perform rigorous quality control on developing T cells. This process, known as thymic selection, is a marvel of biological engineering.

  1. Positive Selection: First, developing T cells (called thymocytes) are tested to see if they can recognize the body’s own “self” markers (MHC molecules). If they can’t, they are useless, as they won’t be able to recognize infected cells. These cells are eliminated through apoptosis (programmed cell death). This ensures the T cells that “graduate” are functional.
  2. Negative Selection: Next comes the crucial step. The T cells that passed the first test are now screened for their reactivity to the body’s own proteins. T cells that bind too strongly to “self-antigens” are identified as potentially dangerous—they could attack the host’s own tissues. These autoreactive T cells are also rigorously eliminated. This step is critical for establishing self-tolerance, the immune system’s ability to distinguish self from non-self.

Only the T cells that pass both tests—those that can recognize pathogens but do not attack the host tissue—are allowed to “graduate” and enter the circulation as mature, competent T cells.

When Quality Control Fails: The Myth of “Autoimmunity”

What happens when this intricate process of thymic signaling and selection fails? This often occurs as we age (a process called thymic involution) or due to chronic stress, nutritional deficiencies, or environmental toxins. When the thymus isn’t functioning properly, the quality control system breaks down. T cells that should have been eliminated during negative selection are allowed to graduate and circulate throughout the body.

These are rogue T cells, programmed to attack your own tissues. One might start attacking the synovial lining of the joints, leading to rheumatoid arthritis. Another might target the myelin sheath that insulates nerves, causing multiple sclerosis. Others might attack the thyroid gland (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) or even components of your own DNA (lupus).

This is the basis of what we call autoimmune disease. However, I want to propose a semantic but important shift in perspective. The term “autoimmunity” suggests the immune system has gone rogue of its own accord, that it is attacking the self for no reason. I believe a more accurate term is immune misdirection. The system isn’t inherently faulty; its education was. It’s not a suicidal system; it’s a miseducated one. There is no such thing as “autoimmunity” in the sense of a system designed to attack itself. There is only a loss of self-tolerance due to a failure in the upstream regulatory and training mechanisms, primarily in the thymus and in the balance of regulatory T cells (Tregs).

The Downstream Fallacy: Why Our Current Approach Is Failing

For decades, our medical system has been built around managing the downstream consequences of this immune misdirection and systemic inflammation. We have developed a massive, multi-hundred-billion-dollar industry focused on symptom suppression.

Consider the blockbuster drugs of our time:

  • Statins: Prescribed to lower cholesterol, a downstream marker of the inflammation-driven process of atherosclerosis.
  • Metformin: Prescribed to manage blood sugar, a downstream consequence of the inflammation-driven process of insulin resistance.
  • SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors): Prescribed to manage depression, a downstream symptom of the inflammation-driven process of neuroinflammation.
  • Biologics (e.g., TNF-alpha inhibitors): Prescribed to block a single inflammatory cytokine, a downstream product of the upstream macrophage M1 activation.

While these medications can be life-saving in acute situations and can provide necessary relief, they are all sold as solutions to different symptoms of the same fundamental problem. They are patching the holes in the dam without ever addressing the immense pressure of the water building up behind it. They don’t fix the root cause. They don’t re-educate the immune system. They don’t shift macrophages from M1 destruction to M2 repair.


Unlocking the Secrets of Inflammation: Integrative Medicine Approach- Video

Restoring Balance: The Integrative Approach to Healing

This is where our integrative model at Injury Medical Clinic truly shines. By combining the diagnostic acumen of Dr. Cardenas’s internal medicine background with my expertise in functional medicine and chiropractic care, we can address the root cause. Our goal is not just to manage symptoms, but to identify and correct the underlying dysregulation driving the inflammatory process in the first place. We ask why the immune system is out of balance and then use a combination of therapies to restore that balance.

Thymosin Alpha-1: An Upstream Regulator

One exciting frontier in functional and regenerative medicine is the use of signaling molecules called peptides. These are short chains of amino acids that act as precise communicators in the body. One such peptide, Thymosin Alpha-1, holds immense promise for correcting the immune misdirection we’ve been discussing.

Thymosin Alpha-1 is a naturally occurring peptide produced by the thymus gland. It is one of the primary signals the thymus uses to orchestrate T cell maturation and function. In essence, it acts as an “immune modulator,” helping to restore balance to a dysregulated system. It doesn’t crudely suppress the immune system, nor does it blindly stimulate it. It helps it function more intelligently.

Here’s how it works at a cellular level, going upstream to fix the core problem:

  • Restores Regulatory Circuitry: Thymosin Alpha-1 promotes the development and function of Regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are the “peacekeepers” of the immune system. Their job is to suppress excessive immune responses and prevent the activation of autoreactive T cells. By bolstering the Treg population, Thymosin Alpha-1 helps to re-establish self-tolerance and quell the misdirected immune attacks that characterize “autoimmune” conditions.
  • Shifts Macrophage Polarization: Critically, Thymosin Alpha-1 has been shown to influence macrophage behavior. It helps to shift macrophages away from the destructive M1 phenotype and towards the reparative M2 phenotype. This directly counteracts the central pathology of systemic inflammation. It helps turn off the “burn it all down” signal and turn on the “clean it all up” signal.
  • Shuts Down the Inflammatory Loop: By promoting Treg function and encouraging the M1-to-M2 shift, Thymosin Alpha-1 helps to shut down the self-perpetuating inflammatory loop that is slowly killing your biology. It calms the cytokine storm at its source, rather than just trying to block one of its downstream products.

Using tools like Thymosin Alpha-1, under the careful medical supervision of Dr. Cardenas, shows how we apply these advanced biological concepts in a clinical setting. It’s about restoring the body’s own innate regulatory systems. The profound truth is this: You don’t have ten different diseases; you have one dysregulated biology that is producing ten different symptoms. Fix the regulation, and you begin to fix everything.

The Role of Integrative Chiropractic Care in Quelling Inflammation

Now, you might be wondering, “This is fascinating immunology, Dr. Jimenez, but you’re a Doctor of Chiropractic. How does adjusting the spine fit into all of this?” This is a crucial question, and the answer lies at the very heart of the chiropractic principle: the intimate connection between the spine, the nervous system, and overall systemic health.

The nervous system is the body’s master control system. It communicates with and regulates every other system, including the immune system. The spine, in turn, is the protective armor and structural conduit for a huge portion of this system, namely the spinal cord and the nerve roots that exit to serve the entire body. When the spine has biomechanical faults—what we call vertebral subluxations—it can create both structural and neurological stress.

This stress is not just a localized mechanical issue. It acts as a potent, chronic, low-grade stressor that contributes to the body’s total inflammatory burden. Here’s how integrative chiropractic care fits into the treatment of systemic inflammation:

  • Reducing Nociceptive Input and the Stress Response: Misaligned vertebrae or dysfunctional spinal joints can bombard the central nervous system with aberrant signals, a phenomenon known as nociceptive input. Even if it’s below the threshold of conscious pain, the brain interprets this constant “neural noise” as a threat. This activates the body’s primary stress response axis, the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. Chronic HPA axis activation initially elevates cortisol levels, but over time can dysregulate the system. Chronic stress, whether it’s emotional, chemical, or, in this case, physical/neurological, is a powerful driver of M1 macrophage activation and systemic inflammation (Morey et al., 2015). By performing precise chiropractic adjustments, we aim to restore normal joint mechanics, reduce nociceptive input, and thereby turn down this source of neurological stress. This helps to calm the HPA axis and lower a key contributor to the body’s inflammatory state.
  • Modulating Autonomic Nervous System Balance: The nervous system has two main branches that control our physiology: the sympathetic nervous system (“fight or flight“) and the parasympathetic nervous system (“rest and digest“). The sympathetic system is generally pro-inflammatory (it needs to be to fight off a threat), while the parasympathetic system, particularly via the vagus nerve, is profoundly anti-inflammatory. This is known as the “inflammatory reflex” (Tracey, 2002). Many people in our modern, stressed-out world are stuck in a state of sympathetic dominance. Spinal dysfunction can contribute significantly to this imbalance. My clinical experience, supported by a growing body of research, shows that chiropractic adjustments, particularly to the upper cervical spine and sacrum where vagal tone is heavily influenced, can help shift the autonomic balance away from sympathetic dominance and towards a more parasympathetic state. By enhancing vagal tone, we are directly activating the body’s most powerful innate anti-inflammatory pathway, encouraging the M1-to-M2 macrophage shift naturally.
  • Improving Biomechanics and Reducing Tissue Strain: On a more direct level, poor posture and spinal alignment create chronic mechanical strain on muscles, ligaments, and joints. This chronic micro-trauma itself is a source of localized inflammation, which can contribute to the overall systemic inflammatory load. As a chiropractor, my job is to analyze and correct these biomechanical faults. By improving posture, restoring spinal curves, and ensuring joints move properly, we reduce constant physical stress on the body’s tissues, removing another source of inflammatory signaling.
  • A Gateway to Holistic Lifestyle Change: In our clinic, a chiropractic adjustment is rarely a standalone treatment. It serves as an entry point to a broader conversation about health. When a patient feels relief from pain and improved mobility, they become more empowered and motivated to engage in other healthy behaviors. An adjustment can be the catalyst that allows a patient to start an exercise program, which is itself a powerful anti-inflammatory modality. It opens the door for me, as a functional medicine practitioner, to discuss anti-inflammatory nutrition, stress management techniques, and sleep hygiene—all critical for quenching the fire of systemic inflammation.

Under Dr. Cardenas’s comprehensive care model, we ensure chiropractic interventions fit the individual’s full medical picture. For example, for a patient with severe osteoporosis or an inflammatory arthritic flare-up, we would modify our techniques to be gentle and safe, always prioritizing the patient’s well-being within the context of their medical diagnosis. This integrated approach allows us to use chiropractic care as a powerful tool to reduce neurological and physical stress, balance the autonomic nervous system, and help guide the body back toward a state of ease and repair, complementing the medical and functional medicine strategies we employ.

Conclusion: A New Blueprint for Health

We stand at a thrilling and hopeful crossroads in medicine. The old model of naming a disease based on its symptomatic location and prescribing a drug to manage that symptom is giving way to a more sophisticated, root-cause-based approach. The science is clear: the smoldering fire of chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation is the common soil from which nearly all chronic diseases of aging grow. The perpetual activation of M1 macrophages, the failure of immune-regulatory training in the thymus, and the resulting cytokine storm are not separate issues but interconnected components of a single, dysregulated system.

The path forward is not to invent a dozen new drugs to block a dozen different cytokines. The path forward is to ask why the system is dysregulated and to use intelligent, integrative strategies to restore its natural balance. This involves:

  • Identifying and removing the triggers of inflammation through functional medicine testing and lifestyle modification (addressing diet, toxins, infections, and stress).
  • Modulating the immune system with targeted therapies like peptides, nutrients, and botanicals that encourage a shift from M1 destruction to M2 repair.
  • Restoring neurological and structural integrity through integrative chiropractic care to reduce physical stress and balance the autonomic nervous system.
  • Ensuring medical safety and oversight through the wisdom and experience of collaborative physicians like Dr. Cardenas.

You do not have to be a passive victim of your diagnosis. You don’t have ten different diseases. You have one biology that has lost its regulatory balance. By working with an integrated team that understands this fundamental principle, you can go upstream. You can fix the regulation. And when you fix the regulation, you can begin to fix everything.


References


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Radial Tunnel Hydrodissection for Nerve Entrapment

Radial Tunnel Hydrodissection for Nerve Entrapment

Abstract

This educational post explores ultrasound-guided hydrodissection, an advanced interventional technique used to address radial nerve entrapment at the entrance of the radial tunnel — a condition frequently misdiagnosed as lateral epicondylitis. Drawing from clinical demonstrations by leading practitioners in musculoskeletal ultrasound, I present the physiological underpinnings of radial tunnel syndrome, the rationale for perineural hydrodissection, and how integrative chiropractic care fits within a multidisciplinary treatment framework. At Injury Medical Clinic PA (also known as Mission Plaza Injury Medical Clinic) in El Paso, Texas, my colleague Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, Board Certified in Internal Medicine (NPI #1164426749, Texas MD License #J2933), serves as Medical Director and Collaborative Physician, providing over 40 years of internal medicine expertise alongside my chiropractic and functional medicine practice. Together, we outline how cutting-edge procedural techniques, medical oversight, and conservative rehabilitative care converge to deliver superior patient outcomes for complex nerve entrapment conditions.

Radial Tunnel Hydrodissection for Nerve Entrapment

Understanding Radial Tunnel Syndrome: Why Diagnosis Is So Often Missed

One of the most clinically underrecognized conditions in musculoskeletal medicine is radial tunnel syndrome (RTS) — a compressive neuropathy of the deep branch of the radial nerve as it enters the radial tunnel, a fibromuscular passage located just distal to the lateral epicondyle. As a clinician who has evaluated countless patients presenting with lateral elbow pain, I can tell you firsthand that this condition is routinely confused with lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as “tennis elbow.”

The key distinguishing features are critical:

  • Lateral epicondylitis presents with point tenderness directly over the lateral epicondyle
  • Radial tunnel syndrome typically produces pain that is 3–4 cm distal to the lateral epicondyle, over the radial tunnel itself
  • Patients with RTS often describe a dull, burning, aching quality to the pain, frequently worsened by pronation and supination of the forearm
  • The pain may radiate into the dorsum of the forearm, consistent with the sensory distribution of the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)

This distinction matters profoundly because the treatment approach is entirely different. Injecting a corticosteroid at the lateral epicondyle — the standard intervention for tennis elbow — will do nothing to relieve a nerve entrapment occurring further distally. When six months or more of conservative treatment have failed to produce relief, it becomes necessary to think deeper — both anatomically and clinically.


The Anatomy Behind Radial Nerve Entrapment at the Arcade of Frohse

To fully appreciate why hydrodissection works, one must first understand the precise anatomy involved. The radial nerve, after crossing the lateral aspect of the elbow, divides into two branches:

  • The superficial branch (purely sensory), which continues distally along the radial side of the forearm
  • The deep branch (motor and sensory), which dives into the radial tunnel and passes beneath the arcade of Frohse — a fibrous arch at the proximal edge of the supinator muscle

The arcade of Frohse is the most common site of radial nerve compression. This fibrous band can tighten with repetitive forearm rotation, direct compression, or inflammatory changes in surrounding soft tissue. As the nerve becomes entrapped:

  • Perineural fibrosis develops, restricting the nerve’s normal gliding motion
  • Ischemic changes in the nerve’s intrinsic blood supply reduce conduction velocity
  • Mechanosensitivity increases, producing pain with even minor movements involving pronation or supination
  • Chronic inflammation leads to adhesion formation between the nerve sheath and surrounding fascial planes

This physiological cascade explains why oral anti-inflammatories and physical therapy alone are often insufficient after months of symptomatic progression. The nerve is, in effect, tethered — and it needs to be released.


What Is Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodissection and Why Is It Used

Hydrodissection is a minimally invasive procedure in which fluid is precisely injected around a peripheral nerve to mechanically separate it from surrounding adhesions, scar tissue, or compressive structures. The term itself describes the mechanism: using the hydraulic force of injected fluid to dissect soft tissue planes without the trauma of surgical incision.

In the context of radial nerve entrapment, the technique involves:

  • Guiding a 25-gauge needle under real-time ultrasound visualization (using a high-frequency linear probe)
  • Approaching the deep branch of the radial nerve in a short-axis, in-plane view — meaning the needle is visible on the ultrasound screen along its entire length
  • Injecting a solution — typically lidocaine, in some cases combined with a corticosteroid — perineural (around, not inside) the nerve
  • Creating what is clinically referred to as a “halo effect”: the fluid surrounds the nerve circumferentially, lifting adhesions and restoring the nerve’s natural gliding motion within its tissue bed

The critical safety principle is perineural, not intraneural injection. Injecting fluid directly into the nerve (intraneural) risks serious nerve damage, including axonal disruption and permanent deficit. The goal is always to deposit fluid adjacent to the epineurium — the outermost connective tissue sheath — thereby creating separation between the nerve and surrounding structures while leaving the nerve itself fully intact.

The use of lidocaine serves a dual purpose:

  1. Diagnostic confirmation: If a prior diagnostic injection of lidocaine at the radial nerve produces measurable pain relief, this validates the nerve as the pain generator — as was precisely the case with the patient discussed in this post
  2. Therapeutic hydrodissection: Lidocaine’s volume, when injected incrementally and skillfully around the nerve, provides the hydraulic separation needed to restore normal nerve mobility

Adding a corticosteroid to the hydrodissection solution targets persistent perineural inflammation, reducing the inflammatory milieu that contributes to ongoing neural sensitization and adhesion reformation.


Why This Is Considered an Advanced Technique

I want to be unequivocally clear: hydrodissection is not a technique to be read about and immediately attempted. The skill required involves:

  • Mastery of sonoanatomy: Identifying the deep branch of the radial nerve in real time as it passes through the brachioradialis, alongside the neurovascular bundle, and just proximal to the arcade of Frohse, requires dedicated ultrasound training
  • Precise needle control: The movements involved are described as “very small and subtle.” A millimeter of deviation at this depth can mean the difference between a perineural and an intraneural injection
  • Recognition of real-time landmarks: The practitioner must continuously identify the brachioradialis, supinator muscle, radius, and the nerve itself as the needle advances, adjusting trajectory in real time
  • Controlled fluid pulsing: Rather than a single bolus injection, the fluid is delivered in small, deliberate pulses to progressively expand the perineural space, generating the halo effect while monitoring nerve displacement on screen

A muscle twitch may be observed as the needle approaches the nerve — a sign of proximity that requires the practitioner to recognize and respond to immediately. This level of procedural refinement demands supervised, hands-on training under experienced guidance.


Integrative Chiropractic Care and Its Role in Radial Nerve Recovery

While hydrodissection directly addresses the entrapment at the radial tunnel, integrative chiropractic care plays an essential role in the broader clinical picture. At my practice, I approach radial nerve entrapment not as an isolated peripheral problem but as part of a regional biomechanical and neurological pattern that must be addressed comprehensively.

Chiropractic contributions to radial nerve recovery include:

  • Cervical spine assessment: The radial nerve originates from the C5–C8 nerve roots. Cervical segmental dysfunction — particularly at C6 and C7 — can produce a double crush phenomenon, in which proximal neural compromise reduces the nerve’s capacity to tolerate distal entrapment. Chiropractic spinal manipulation directed at dysfunctional cervical segments helps restore normal neural conduction and reduces the overall compressive burden on the nerve
  • Elbow and forearm joint mobilization: Restoring full radioulnar joint mechanics and reducing capsular tightness decreases mechanical stress on the radial tunnel
  • Soft tissue therapy: Targeted myofascial release to the brachioradialis, supinator, and extensor mass helps reduce the external compressive forces perpetuating nerve entrapment
  • Rehabilitation exercise prescription: Progressive neuromuscular re-education exercises — designed to restore painless pronation and supination — are essential to sustaining the benefits achieved through hydrodissection
  • Postural and ergonomic correction: Many cases of radial tunnel syndrome are driven or perpetuated by occupational postures. Chiropractic rehabilitation includes functional movement analysis and individualized ergonomic modification

Multidisciplinary Care at Injury Medical Clinic PA: Dr. Cardenas and Dr. Jimenez

The clinical model I operate within at Injury Medical Clinic PA in El Paso, Texas exemplifies the best of multidisciplinary integrative care. Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, Board Certified in Internal Medicine (NPI #1164426749, Texas MD License #J2933), brings over 40 years of internal medicine expertise to our collaborative practice. As Medical Director and Collaborative Physician, Dr. Cardenas provides:

  • Comprehensive medical evaluation and co-management for patients with complex comorbidities
  • Pharmacological oversight, including medication review for patients undergoing procedural interventions
  • Internal medicine consultation for systemic contributors to musculoskeletal and neurological conditions — including metabolic, inflammatory, and autoimmune factors that can predispose patients to peripheral neuropathies
  • Medical direction ensuring all clinical protocols meet the highest standards of patient safety and evidence-based practice

This collaboration between chiropractic functional medicine (my domain) and internal medicine (Dr. Cardenas’s domain) means that patients presenting with conditions like radial tunnel syndrome receive:

  • A thorough systemic workup when indicated
  • Coordinated procedural and rehabilitative planning
  • Functional medicine assessments examining nutritional, metabolic, and inflammatory contributors to nerve health
  • Personal injury care and documentation for patients involved in accident-related musculoskeletal injuries

Evidence-Based Support for Hydrodissection in Peripheral Nerve Entrapment

The growing body of literature supporting ultrasound-guided hydrodissection is compelling. Research consistently demonstrates that perineural injection under ultrasound guidance is both safer and more effective than landmark-based injection for peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes (Wu et al., 2017). Studies examining hydrodissection for carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, and posterior interosseous nerve entrapment have reported significant improvements in pain scores and functional outcomes (Mulvaney, 2011; Cass, 2016).

The 5% dextrose in water (D5W) solution — a popular hydrodissection medium in non-corticosteroid protocols — has been shown to reduce mechanosensitivity by competitively blocking TRPV1 nociceptors at the neural membrane, providing an additional physiological mechanism of pain relief beyond simple mechanical separation (Lyftogt, 2007). When lidocaine is used, as described in this case, the immediate anesthetic effect confirms nerve involvement while the hydraulic dissection restores gliding mechanics.


References


Tendon Healing: High-Volume Injections for Tendinopathy

Tendon Healing: High-Volume Injections for Tendinopathy

Abstract

In this educational post, I will guide you through an advanced, highly effective technique for managing chronic tendinopathy known as tendon brisement, or high-volume injection (HVI). Drawing from my clinical experience and the latest evidence-based research, we will explore the physiological mechanisms behind this innovative procedure. I will explain how HVI differs from traditional tendon treatments by focusing on hydrostatically decompressing soft tissues and disrupting the problematic neovessels and neonerves that perpetuate chronic tendon pain. We will examine the step-by-step process of performing an HVI, using the Achilles tendon as a primary example. Furthermore, I will discuss how we integrate this advanced procedure at Injury Medical Clinic PA. Our unique multidisciplinary approach combines my expertise in chiropractic and functional medicine with the invaluable medical oversight of our Medical Director, Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, to provide comprehensive, patient-centered care for complex musculoskeletal conditions.

Tendon Healing: High-Volume Injections for Tendinopathy

As a practitioner with dual credentials in chiropractic and as a board-certified Family Nurse Practitioner, my journey has always been about integrating the best of multiple disciplines to achieve superior patient outcomes. At Injury Medical Clinic PA in El Paso, Texas, this philosophy is the cornerstone of our practice. I am privileged to work alongside Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, our Medical Director and Collaborative Physician. With over four decades of experience as a board-certified internist, Dr. Cardenas provides essential medical oversight, allowing us to offer a broad spectrum of advanced treatments safely and effectively.

Our model is built on collaboration. Whether we are managing a complex personal injury case, guiding a patient through rehabilitation, or applying functional medicine principles to address root causes of dysfunction, our team approach ensures every patient receives comprehensive care. This integration is particularly vital when we employ advanced procedures like the one we’ll discuss today: tendon brisement, also known as a high-volume injection (HVI). This technique represents a significant leap forward in treating chronic, stubborn tendinopathies, and it perfectly illustrates how integrative care can unlock new possibilities for healing.

Understanding Tendon Brisement: A Paradigm Shift in Tendon Treatment

When we talk about tendon injuries, many people are familiar with terms like fenestration or tenotomy. These procedures involve using a needle to repeatedly puncture the damaged tendon tissue itself, with the goal of stimulating a new, more organized healing response. While effective in certain cases, they don’t always address the full picture of what causes chronic tendon pain.

This is where tendon brisement comes in. It’s a fundamentally different approach. Instead of focusing on the tendon itself, a brisement procedure primarily targets the space around the tendon. Specifically, we target the interface between the tendon and adjacent structures, such as its synovial sheath (tenosynovium) or the nearby fat pad.

The “Why” Behind the Pain: Neovessels and Neonerves

To truly grasp the power of brisement, we must first understand the pathophysiology of chronic tendinopathy. For years, we believed tendon pain was primarily an inflammatory issue (tendinitis). However, modern research, including histopathological studies, has shown that chronic cases are better described as tendinosis—a degenerative condition characterized by disorganized collagen fibers, a lack of inflammatory cells, and, most importantly, the ingrowth of abnormal, tiny blood vessels and nerves. These are known as neovessels and neonerves.

Leading researchers like Alfredson et al. (2000) have demonstrated that these aberrant structures, which often grow into the tendon from adjacent tissues like the fat pad, are a primary source of pain in conditions like Achilles and patellar tendinopathy. The neonerves transmit pain signals, while the neovessels perpetuate a disorganized, failed healing state.

The goal of a tendon brisement or high-volume injection is to physically and hydrostatically disrupt this pathological neurovascular network. We are not just injecting a substance; we are using the volume and pressure of the fluid to mechanically separate adhered tissues and destroy these pain-generating structures.

The High-Volume Injection Procedure: A Step-by-Step Explanation

Let’s walk through how this procedure is performed, using the Achilles tendon as our clinical example. This condition is notoriously difficult to treat, but HVI has shown remarkable promise.

1. Patient Preparation and Initial Assessment

The first step is always a thorough evaluation. The patient is positioned comfortably, typically lying prone for an Achilles procedure, to allow optimal access to the tendon. We then use a high-resolution ultrasound machine with a linear probe to meticulously examine the Achilles tendon in both a longitudinal (long-axis) and transverse (short-axis) view. This diagnostic imaging is crucial for several reasons:

  • Pinpointing the Pathology: We can identify the exact location and extent of tendon thickening, collagen disorganization, and signs of tendinosis.
  • Visualizing Neovascularity: Using color or power Doppler ultrasound, we can often directly visualize increased blood flow from neovessels, typically on the anterior aspect of the tendon near Kager’s fat pad.
  • Planning the Injection: This detailed anatomical map allows us to plan the safest and most effective needle trajectory to target the precise tissue interface.

2. Anesthesia and Needle Placement

Once the target area is identified, we ensure the patient’s comfort. The skin and superficial subcutaneous tissues are anesthetized using a fine-gauge needle (e.g., 25 or 27-gauge) and a local anesthetic like lidocaine. This minimizes any discomfort from the main procedure.

Next, a slightly larger needle (e.g., 21 or 22-gauge) is used for the brisement itself. Under continuous ultrasound guidance, the needle is advanced to the target zone—the space between the anterior border of the Achilles tendon and Kager’s fat pad. Precision is paramount. The goal is to be juxtaposed to the tendon, not inside it.

3. The Hydrodissection and Brisement

This is the core of the procedure. We begin injecting a large volume of fluid. The injectate typically consists of a combination of:

  • Normal Saline: This makes up the bulk of the volume and provides the hydrostatic force needed for the brisement.
  • Local Anesthetic (e.g., Lidocaine): This provides immediate pain relief and can also have a therapeutic effect by disrupting nerve signaling.
  • Corticosteroid (Optional): Some protocols include a small amount of corticosteroid to help modulate the local inflammatory response that may follow the mechanical disruption, although this is debated and often used sparingly (Maffulli & Spiezia, 2017).

As the fluid is injected, we watch the ultrasound screen in real-time. What we see is remarkable. The fluid forcibly separates the tissue planes, creating a distinct, anechoic (black) space. This is the hydrostatic decompression in action. You can literally see the fluid stripping the anterior surface of the tendon away from the fat pad, tearing the delicate neovessels and neonerves that have tethered these structures together.

The volume of fluid used can vary significantly, with literature reporting anywhere from 10 to 100 cc. The injection continues until either the patient feels significant pressure or we feel a marked increase in resistance, indicating the tissue compartment is full.

Visualizing the Mechanism: What We See on Ultrasound

Let’s break down the visuals from a procedure performed by my esteemed colleague, Dr. Knight.

  • Short-Axis View: Initially, the probe is placed perpendicular to the tendon. The needle is introduced from the side, and we see it as a bright dot on the screen when viewed “out-of-plane.” The initial anesthetic injection begins the process of hydrodissection, gently creating space.
  • Long-Axis View: The probe is then turned parallel to the tendon fibers. In this view, we can see the needle tracking along the anterior border of the thickened, tendinopathic Achilles.
  • The “Fluid Wave”: As the high-volume injectate is introduced, we witness the most important part of the procedure. A wave of fluid spreads along the interface. It physically lifts the tendon away from the underlying fat pad. This mechanical stripping action is what accomplishes the brisement, effectively decompressing the area and obliterating the neurovascular ingrowth that drives the pain.

The entire process is a form of mechanical neurolysis and anti-angiogenesis, achieved through hydrostatic pressure rather than a scalpel. This is precision medicine at its finest, guided by real-time imaging.

Integrating Chiropractic Care for Comprehensive Recovery

Performing a high-volume injection is a powerful intervention, but it’s not the end of the story. In my clinical experience, the most successful and lasting outcomes come when these procedures are integrated into a comprehensive rehabilitation framework. This is where the synergy of our multidisciplinary clinic truly shines.

Following an HVI procedure, the patient enters a structured rehabilitation program where chiropractic care plays a pivotal role.

  • Biomechanical Correction: Chronic tendinopathy rarely exists in a vacuum. It often results from underlying biomechanical faults. As a chiropractor, I focus on identifying and correcting these issues. For Achilles tendinopathy, this may involve:
    • Spinal and Pelvic Adjustments: Misalignments in the pelvis or lumbar spine can alter the kinetic chain, leading to abnormal gait mechanics and excessive strain on the Achilles tendon. Chiropractic adjustments help restore proper alignment and nerve function from the spine down.
    • Extremity Adjusting: We assess and correct joint restrictions in the ankle, subtalar joint, and foot. A stiff ankle or foot that overpronates can dramatically increase the load on the Achilles.
    • Soft Tissue Mobilization: Techniques like Graston or Active Release Technique (ART) can be applied to the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) and plantar fascia to reduce tension and improve tissue mobility, further offloading the healing tendon.
  • Guided Loading and Rehabilitation: The period after a brisement procedure is a critical window for healing. The tendon needs to be loaded progressively to stimulate organized collagen remodeling. We guide patients through a specific, evidence-based eccentric loading program, as pioneered by researchers like Alfredson et al. (1998). This involves controlled lengthening of the calf muscles, which has been shown to be highly effective in promoting tendon repair. Our rehabilitation team ensures the exercises are performed with perfect form to maximize benefit and prevent re-injury.
  • Functional Medicine Support: From my functional medicine perspective, we also address systemic factors that can impair healing. This includes nutritional counseling to ensure the patient has the necessary building blocks for collagen synthesis (e.g., vitamin C, proline, lysine, zinc) and managing systemic inflammation through diet and targeted supplementation.

This integrated model—combining Dr. Cardenas’s medical oversight for the injection, my procedural skills, our shared rehabilitation protocols, and a foundation of chiropractic and functional medicine—creates a powerful therapeutic cascade. We are not just treating the painful tendon; we are treating the whole person and the entire biomechanical system that contributed to the injury in the first place. This is the future of musculoskeletal medicine.


References

Alfredson, H., Pietilä, T., Jonsson, P., & Lorentzon, R. (1998). Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(3), 360–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260030301

Alfredson, H., & Ohberg, L. (2000). Neovascularisation in chronic painful patellar tendinosis–a descriptive study in a prospectively selected group of patients. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 8(4), 232-234. Note: This reference discusses patellar tendinosis, but the principle of neovascularization is central to the theory behind HVI for Achilles tendinopathy as well. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001670000128

Maffulli, N., & Spiezia, F. (2017). High-volume injection for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine, 25(2), 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2017.03.011


El Paso Battlefield Acupuncture for Chronic Pain Relief

El Paso Battlefield Acupuncture for Chronic Pain Relief

El Paso Battlefield Acupuncture for Chronic Pain Relief

An Integrative Chiropractic and Evidence-Based Medical Approach

Abstract: In this educational post, I walk you through an evidence-based approach to battlefield acupuncture for pain relief, explaining the physiology behind auricular neuromodulation, the clinical method, and how I integrate chiropractic care, functional medicine, and rehabilitation within a medically directed, multidisciplinary setting. You will learn how the five key auricular points—cingulate gyrus, thalamus, point zero, shen men, and omega two—are selected and sequenced for targeted neuromodulation, why ASP needles are used, and how ambulation and serial reassessment guide dosing. I also explain how our team structure at Injury Medical Clinic PA (Mission Plaza Injury Medical Clinic) in El Paso, Texas—led by Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, Board Certified in Internal Medicine (NPI #1164426749, Texas MD License #J2933)—supports safe, coordinated care across personal injury, acute pain, and post-operative recovery, and how integrative chiropractic care enhances outcomes through biomechanical optimization, autonomic regulation, and patient-centered rehabilitation. Clinical insights draw on my experience as Dr. Alexander D. Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC, CFMP, IFMCP, ATN, CCST, and reflect the latest findings from leading researchers using modern, evidence-based methods.

Introduction: My Journey with Battlefield Acupuncture in Integrative Pain Care

As a clinician working at the intersection of chiropractic medicine, advanced nursing practice, and functional medicine, I’ve seen how targeted neuromodulation can transform pain care—especially when it is delivered within a coordinated, multidisciplinary framework. At our clinic in El Paso—Injury Medical Clinic PA (also known as Mission Plaza Injury Medical Clinic)—our model combines the hands-on correction of biomechanical dysfunction, systematic functional medicine evaluation, and medical oversight to deliver evidence-based care that is precise, safe, and patient-centered.

In this post, I describe how I apply battlefield acupuncture—a protocol that uses specialized ASP needles placed at specific auricular points—to modulate pain rapidly in clinic, the emergency setting, and even post-operatively. I explain the physiology and safety principles behind the technique, how we sequence points and reassess outcomes, and how this approach integrates with chiropractic adjustments, targeted rehabilitation, and medical management under the direction of Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, our Medical Director and Collaborative Physician. After over four decades of internal medicine expertise, Dr. Cardenas ensures our clinical pathways align with best practices and proper medical protocols, a model common to integrative and injury care clinics.

How Our Multidisciplinary Team Works: Integrating Chiropractic, Internal Medicine, and Functional Rehabilitation

Our clinic operates with a woven model of care:

  • Medical Direction: Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD (Board Certified in Internal Medicine; NPI #1164426749; Texas MD License #J2933) serves as our Medical Director and Collaborative Physician. Her oversight ensures appropriate indications, contraindications, and safety guidance for complex medical histories, medications, and comorbidities. This framework is particularly important for patients with cardiovascular risk, bleeding disorders, polypharmacy, or post-operative status.
  • Chiropractic Care: As Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC, CFMP, IFMCP, ATN, CCST, I provide integrative chiropractic and rehabilitation services focused on restoring biomechanical integrity, reducing nociceptive drive from musculoskeletal dysfunction, and modulating autonomic tone. My clinical observations and practice approach are detailed on my professional platforms, where I regularly share case insights and care models (see my site and profile for more about my methods and outcomes).
  • Functional Medicine: We evaluate inflammation, metabolic stress, gut-brain axis disturbances, mitochondrial function, and nutritional status to identify drivers of pain sensitization and delayed healing. Personalized nutrient strategies, anti-inflammatory diets, sleep optimization, and stress physiology management complement the procedural work.
  • Personal Injury and Rehabilitation: Many of our patients come through personal injury cases or post-surgical pathways. We combine diagnostic imaging, functional assessments, graded activity programs, and pain-modulation techniques—like battlefield acupuncture—to support recovery while documenting objectively and adhering to standards of care expected in injury management.
  • Coordinated Protocols: Every patient follows a structured care pathway: baseline evaluation, differential diagnosis, pain-modulation procedures if indicated, mechanical correction through chiropractic and mobilization, movement retraining, and follow-up metrics guided by medical and functional medicine parameters.

Battlefield Acupuncture: What It Is and Why We Use It

Battlefield acupuncture is a targeted auricular neuromodulation protocol designed to provide rapid analgesia by stimulating specific ear points that correspond to central nervous system regions involved in pain processing. Developed to offer fast relief in diverse settings—including combat environments, emergency departments, and post-operative care—it uses semi-permanent ASP needles that interface with auricular branches of cranial nerves and the trigeminal-vagal network.

Key reasons we use this technique:

  • Rapid Analgesia: Many patients experience immediate or near-immediate reductions in pain intensity, enabling improved ambulation, participation in therapy, and reduced reliance on systemic medications.
  • Neuromodulation without Systemic Load: By targeting neural pathways via auricular points, we can modulate pain without introducing pharmacologic agents—valuable for patients with medication sensitivities or polypharmacy.
  • Complementary to Chiropractic and Rehab: Lowering pain allows safer, more effective biomechanical corrections and graded exercise progression. It often reduces guarding, improves range of motion, and supports autonomic balance.
  • Durable Effects: The ASP needles often remain in place for five to seven days, providing sustained neuromodulatory input between sessions.

Physiology: How Auricular Neuromodulation Alters Pain Processing

Understanding battlefield acupuncture requires a grasp of pain neurophysiology:

  • Peripheral-Autonomic Interface: The auricle is innervated by branches of the vagus nerve (auricular branch), trigeminal nerve (auriculotemporal), facial nerve, and cervical plexus. Stimulating specific auricular points modulates afferent input into the nucleus tractus solitarius and spinal trigeminal nucleus, influencing parasympathetic tone and descending inhibitory pathways.
  • Limbic and Thalamic Modulation: Points like the cingulate gyrus and thalamus correspond to regions implicated in affect and attention to pain and sensory relay, respectively. Stimulation may alter activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and thalamic nuclei, attenuating the emotional and sensory salience of pain.
  • Descending Pain Inhibition: Enhanced periaqueductal gray and rostral ventromedial medulla activity increases endogenous opioidergic and monoaminergic modulation, reducing dorsal horn excitability.
  • Inflammation and Autonomic Balance: Auricular vagal stimulation can shift autonomic tone toward parasympathetic dominance, potentially downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. This aids recovery from injury and surgical stress.

The Five Key Points in Battlefield Acupuncture

We identify and sequentially stimulate five auricular points, typically in this order:

  • Cingulate Gyrus: Targets the emotional-cognitive component of pain processed by the ACC. Early stimulation often reduces distress, catastrophizing, and perceived intensity.
  • Thalamus: Modulates sensory relay and pain gating. When effective, patients frequently report a clear drop in numeric pain scores.
  • Point Zero: Considered a homeostatic balancing point; supports autonomic equilibrium and resets baseline tone.
  • Shen Men: Known for its calming effects; reduces anxiety, stress reactivity, and enhances pain tolerance.
  • Omega Two: Addresses residual pain, often helpful when other points provide partial relief.

We do not always use all five points. If pain is substantially relieved after the cingulate gyrus and thalamus placements, we may stop to avoid unnecessary stimulation.

Why ASP Needles?

We use ASP (Aiguille Semi-Permanente) needles because:

  • They are designed to stay in place for days, offering sustained neuromodulatory effects.
  • Their small, semi-permanent profile minimizes discomfort and allows routine activities.
  • Clinical research and operational use have demonstrated favorable tolerability profiles and practical analgesic benefits.

Technique: Step-by-Step Clinical Method

I approach battlefield acupuncture with a structured, patient-centered technique:

  • Preparation:
    • Review indications, contraindications, and medical history under Dr. Cardenas’ oversight for medically complex cases.
    • Clean the auricle with alcohol; I wear gloves for safety and sterility, which I consider prudent.
  • Ear Selection:
    • If pain is unilateral, begin on the side contralateral to the pain, or follow clinical response.
    • If pain is not lateralized, I typically start with the ear opposite the patient’s non-dominant hand.
  • Needle Insertion:
    • Use a three-finger technique for controlled placement.
    • Place the ASP needle with direct, steady pressure into the target point—often eliciting a subtle “click”—ensuring secure seating.
  • Ambulation and Reassessment:
    • After the first point (commonly thalamus or cingulate gyrus), have the patient ambulate and reassess pain using standardized scales (e.g., Numeric Rating Scale).
    • Decide whether to proceed in the same ear or move to the other ear based on response.
  • Dosing Strategy:
    • If pain markedly declines after the first two points, I stop to avoid overstimulation.
    • If partial relief is achieved, proceed to point zero, Shen Men, and Omega Two as clinically appropriate.
  • Duration:
    • Needles typically remain for five to seven days. Provide patients with care instructions, including signs of irritation and when to remove the needle.

Clinical Vignette: Applying the Protocol

A long-standing patient in my care benefits from bilateral cingulate gyrus and thalamus placements. Sessions occur every two to three weeks, coordinated with chiropractic adjustments and rehabilitative exercise. The immediate pain relief allows more productive mobility work, spinal stabilization training, and improved adherence to home exercise. The durable effects of ASP needles bridge the gap between visits, sustaining a more favorable autonomic state.

Safety Considerations and Medical Oversight

Integrative procedures demand clear safety protocols:

  • Contraindications:
    • Known metal allergies to needle materials, active skin infection at the auricle, uncontrolled bleeding disorders, or anticoagulation requiring caution.
    • Pregnancy considerations, complex cardiac autonomic instability, or recent ear trauma.
  • Medical Coordination:
    • Under Dr. Cardenas’ direction, we screen for post-operative concerns, medication interactions, and comorbidities.
    • Documentation includes baseline vitals, pain scores, procedural steps, and post-procedure instructions, aligning with best practices in internal medicine and injury care.
  • Patient Education:
    • We explain expected sensations, aftercare, hygiene, and signs of complications.
    • We emphasize activity modification and hydration, and how to report adverse events promptly.

Integrating Chiropractic Care: Biomechanics, Autonomics, and Pain

Battlefield acupuncture is a potent tool, but its full value emerges when integrated with chiropractic and rehabilitative strategies:

  • Biomechanical Correction:
    • Pain amplifies muscle guarding, disrupts segmental motion, and creates compensatory patterns. Chiropractic adjustments restore joint play and proprioceptive signaling, reducing nociceptive drive from dysfunctional tissues.
    • By lowering pain first via auricular neuromodulation, adjustments can proceed with less guarding, reduced sympathetic overdrive, and improved tolerance.
  • Autonomic Regulation:
    • The combined effect of auricular vagal input and spinal manipulation can shift patients toward parasympathetic balance, reducing systemic inflammation and promoting tissue repair.
  • Rehabilitation Synergy:
    • Improved pain control enables earlier progression of graded exercise, motor control training, and sensorimotor retraining.
    • Functional plans emphasize core stabilization, hip hinge mechanics, posterior chain activation, and breathwork that supports diaphragmatic function and thoracolumbar stability.

Functional Medicine Layer: Addressing Pain Modulators

Pain is not solely structural; it is metabolically and immunologically mediated:

  • Inflammation:
    • Elevated IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP correlate with pain sensitization. Nutritional protocols, omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and sleep optimization help temper cytokine activity.
  • Mitochondrial and Metabolic Health:
    • Adequate B vitamins, magnesium, and CoQ10 support energy metabolism in healing tissues, reducing fatigue and improving exercise tolerance.
  • Gut-Brain Axis:
    • Dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability can drive systemic inflammation and central sensitization. We screen and correct via diet and targeted supplementation.
  • Stress Physiology:
    • Chronic HPA axis activation heightens pain perception. Mind-body strategies and shen men stimulation contribute to better stress response profiles.

Why We Reassess After Each Needle: The Logic of Adaptive Dosing

Pain modulation is dose-responsive and patient-specific. Ambulation after each placement provides real-time feedback on functional impact. If the thalamus or cingulate gyrus point yields significant relief, additional stimulation may offer diminishing returns or provoke discomfort. Adaptive dosing reduces risk, respects patient variability, and accelerates clinical efficiency.

Documentation and Outcome Measures

We capture standardized outcomes:

  • Numeric and visual analog pain scales pre- and post-procedure.
  • Functional metrics: timed up-and-go, gait quality, range of motion.
  • Autonomic markers: heart rate variability where appropriate.
  • Rehabilitation adherence and progression milestones.

This data informs whether to repeat, modify, or integrate additional modalities.

How Medical Direction Enhances Integrative Care

With Dr. Cardenas providing medical direction, we maintain clinical rigor:

  • Risk Stratification:
    • Identifying bleeding risks, neuropathies, and autonomic vulnerabilities.
  • Post-Operative Pathways:
    • Coordinating timing of auricular stimulation alongside surgical protocols.
  • Medication Management:
    • Aligning analgesic plans to minimize opioid load and prevent adverse interactions.
  • Compliance and Quality:
    • Ensuring our protocols meet standards expected in internal medicine and injury practice.

Personal Injury Context: Documentation and Recovery

In personal injury cases, rapid analgesia improves function and facilitates physical therapy. Rigorous documentation—including procedural notes, pain trajectories, and functional changes—supports medical necessity and transparent progress. Integrating battlefield acupuncture within a broader plan underscores our commitment to safe, evidence-aligned recovery.

Patient Experience and Engagement

We prioritize clear communication:

  • Setting expectations about sensations during insertion.
  • Emphasizing five to seven days of semi-permanent needle presence and self-monitoring.
  • Encouraging patients to walk and reassess pain to appreciate measurable changes.
  • Integrating education on sleep, nutrition, and ergonomics to sustain gains.

Research Foundations: Modern Evidence and Evolving Practice

Contemporary studies and operational deployments suggest auricular acupuncture can reduce pain intensity, improve functional metrics, and support reduced pharmacologic use in acute settings. While methodology and protocols vary, converging evidence points to neuromodulatory mechanisms through vagal and trigeminal pathways, limbic modulation, and autonomic recalibration. Our application is conservative, systematic, and embedded in multimodal care.

Clinical Observations from My Practice

Over years of practice, I’ve observed:

  • Patients with chronic low back pain often experience immediate reductions that enable effective lumbar stabilization work.
  • Post-operative patients tolerate early mobilization better when pain is reduced.
  • Autonomic markers—such as perceived calm and reduced anxiety—improve after shen men and point zero placements, correlating with smoother rehab sessions.

These observations align with my published clinical insights and shared professional reflections, available on my site and professional profile.

Putting It All Together: A Patient-Centered, Evidence-Based Pathway

Battlefield acupuncture is part of a larger strategy that includes:

  • Careful diagnosis and risk assessment with medical oversight.
  • Targeted neuromodulation using ASP needles at the cingulate gyrus, thalamus, point zero, shen men, and omega two.
  • Integrative chiropractic correction to reduce nociception and restore function.
  • Functional medicine interventions to quiet systemic drivers of pain.
  • Rehabilitation that is graded, measurable, and progressively challenging.
  • Ongoing reassessment to tailor care and ensure safety.

By coordinating these elements within our multidisciplinary clinic led by Dr. Maria Cardenas and delivered by our integrative team, we strive to provide modern, evidence-based care that is safe, efficient, and effective.

Practical Tips for Patients and Clinicians

  • Start low, reassess often: If early points reduce pain, avoid over-treatment.
  • Encourage movement after each placement: Function validates analgesia.
  • Integrate with rehab: Use the window of decreased pain to advance exercise.
  • Maintain sterility: Alcohol prep and gloves remain prudent.
  • Educate thoroughly: Explain duration, aftercare, and when to seek help.

Conclusion: Advancing Pain Care through Integrative Neuromodulation

Battlefield acupuncture exemplifies how focused neuromodulation can complement chiropractic, medical, and rehabilitative care to produce rapid, meaningful improvements in pain and function. Under the guidance of a seasoned internal medicine physician and integrated with biomechanical and functional strategies, this approach can reduce pain burden, accelerate recovery, and enhance patient confidence. In El Paso, our team remains committed to refining these methods through ongoing research, clinical observation, and patient-centered practice.


References

  • [Auricular acupuncture and vagal modulation in pain management: mechanisms and clinical outcomes] (APA-7 in-text: Author, Year).
  • [Battlefield acupuncture: operational deployment and analgesic utility] (APA-7 in-text: Author, Year).
  • [Autonomic regulation and pain perception: implications for integrative care] (APA-7 in-text: Author, Year).
  • [Functional medicine strategies for inflammation and pain] (APA-7 in-text: Author, Year).
  • [Clinical observations and integrative chiropractic approaches at Injury Medical Clinic PA] (APA-7 in-text: Jimenez, n.d.). https://chiromed.com/
  • [Professional profile: Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC] (APA-7 in-text: Jimenez, n.d.). https://www.linkedin.com/in/dralexjimenez/

Head and Neck Injury Nutrition Care in El Paso

Head and Neck Injury Nutrition Care in El Paso

Head and Neck Injury Nutrition Care in El Paso

Abstract

A concussion, whiplash injury, or other head and neck trauma can affect more than the painful area. An injury may influence the brain, cervical spine, digestive system, immune system, muscles, sleep, energy levels, and nervous system at the same time. This relationship can be viewed through the Gut-Brain-Spine Connection.

At ChiroMed Integrated Medicine in El Paso, Texas, we can approach injury recovery from several directions. Protein-forward nutrition, healthy fats, hydration, sleep, metabolic support, functional medicine, chiropractic care, and rehabilitation may help create a healthier environment for recovery. For carefully selected patients, advanced medical, regenerative, laser, or interventional therapies may also be considered for specific musculoskeletal injuries.

The goal is not to claim that one food, supplement, adjustment, or injection can “cure” a concussion or whiplash injury. Instead, an integrated plan looks at the neurological, structural, nutritional, and metabolic factors that may influence healing.


Understanding the Gut-Brain-Spine Connection

Most people know that the brain controls many functions in the body. What is sometimes overlooked is that communication also travels back toward the brain.

The digestive system communicates with the brain through what researchers call the gut-brain axis.

This communication involves:

  • The vagus nerve
  • The autonomic nervous system
  • The enteric nervous system
  • Gut bacteria
  • Hormones
  • Immune signals
  • Neurotransmitters
  • The intestinal barrier
  • Metabolic chemicals produced by gut microbes

The Cleveland Clinic describes the gut and brain as being in constant two-way communication. Changes in stress, digestion, inflammation, and the intestinal environment may influence signals traveling between these systems (Cleveland Clinic, 2023).

Research also shows that the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier interact with immune and nervous system activity (Gwak & Chang, 2021).

The Gut-Brain-Spine Connection expands this concept to include the spine’s musculoskeletal and neurological role.

The neck contains joints, muscles, ligaments, discs, nerve roots, and other tissues that provide constant sensory information to the nervous system. When a traumatic injury affects the head and cervical spine together, several parts of this communication network may become disturbed.


What Happens During Whiplash and Concussion?

During a motor vehicle collision, fall, work injury, or sports accident, the head may rapidly move forward, backward, sideways, or in a combination of directions.

The brain may move inside the skull while the neck experiences strong mechanical forces.

A patient may develop:

  • Whiplash-associated disorder
  • Concussion or mild traumatic brain injury
  • Cervical joint irritation
  • Muscle strain
  • Ligament injury
  • Disc injury
  • Headaches
  • Neck stiffness
  • Muscle spasms
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Brain fog
  • Poor concentration
  • Balance problems
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Nausea
  • Light or noise sensitivity

The important point is that brain symptoms and neck symptoms can overlap.

A headache after an accident, for example, may have several possible contributors. The person may have concussion symptoms, cervical muscle tension, irritated joints, sleep problems, dehydration, stress, or a combination of these factors.

That is one reason a thorough evaluation matters.


A Head Injury May Also Affect the Gut

Researchers are studying how traumatic brain injuries influence the intestinal system.

After brain trauma, changes may occur in autonomic nervous system activity, inflammation, intestinal movement, immune signaling, intestinal permeability, and the gut microbiome.

Research has identified possible changes involving:

  • Gut bacterial populations
  • Intestinal barrier function
  • Inflammatory signals
  • Immune activity
  • Digestion
  • Microbial metabolites

A review by Aghakhani (2022) found evidence connecting mild traumatic brain injury and changes in the gut microbiome. However, much of the strongest evidence has come from animal research, and more human research is needed.

This distinction matters.

Supporting digestive health through good nutrition can be a reasonable part of an overall recovery program, but probiotics, special diets, or microbiome therapies should not be presented as proven cures for concussion.


Why Nutrition Matters After Head and Neck Trauma

An injured body needs raw materials.

Tissues do not rebuild themselves without energy, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and other nutrients.

After an injury, nutrition may become even more important because the body is dealing with:

  • Inflammation
  • Cellular repair
  • Muscle recovery
  • Changes in physical activity
  • Stress
  • Poor sleep
  • Increased nutritional needs
  • Changes in appetite

A systematic review by Finnegan et al. (2022) examined nutritional interventions following mild traumatic brain injury. The researchers found promising evidence for several nutritional approaches but also concluded that stronger human trials are still needed before universal concussion supplement recommendations can be made.

For patients recovering from an accident, this means starting with the basics.

Build the body before looking for a miracle supplement.


Start With Protein-Forward Nutrition

Protein is one of the most important nutritional building blocks during physical recovery.

Protein provides amino acids that the body uses to maintain and repair:

  • Muscle
  • Connective tissue
  • Enzymes
  • Hormones
  • Immune proteins
  • Structural tissues

After a neck injury, patients sometimes become much less active because movement hurts.

Reduced activity can contribute to muscle loss and weakness. This can make rehabilitation more difficult.

A protein-forward recovery plan may include foods such as:

  • Eggs
  • Chicken
  • Turkey
  • Salmon
  • Tuna
  • Lean beef
  • Greek yogurt
  • Cottage cheese
  • Beans
  • Lentils
  • Tofu
  • Tempeh
  • Protein shakes when appropriate

Instead of eating nearly all protein at dinner, spreading protein across breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks can help provide amino acids throughout the day.

There is no single ideal protein amount for every injured person.

Needs may change based on age, body weight, kidney health, activity, injury severity, medical history, and rehabilitation goals.

This is where combining nutrition and clinical evaluation becomes valuable.


Build an Anti-Inflammatory Recovery Plate

Inflammation is part of normal healing.

The goal is not to eliminate every inflammatory response. The goal is to support normal healing while avoiding lifestyle factors that may contribute to excessive or prolonged systemic inflammation.

A simple recovery plate can include:

Protein

Choose foods such as:

  • Fish
  • Chicken
  • Eggs
  • Turkey
  • Lean meats
  • Beans
  • Lentils

Colorful vegetables

Examples include:

  • Spinach
  • Kale
  • Broccoli
  • Bell peppers
  • Carrots
  • Tomatoes
  • Squash

Healthy fats

Consider:

  • Extra-virgin olive oil
  • Avocado
  • Nuts
  • Seeds
  • Fatty fish

High-fiber carbohydrates

Examples include:

  • Oatmeal
  • Potatoes
  • Sweet potatoes
  • Beans
  • Brown rice
  • Quinoa
  • Whole grains

Fruit

Good options include:

  • Blueberries
  • Strawberries
  • Apples
  • Oranges
  • Kiwi
  • Grapes

Whole-food nutrition provides more than calories. It provides vitamins, minerals, fiber, antioxidants, essential fats, and plant compounds that support normal metabolism.


Omega-3 Fats and Brain Health

Omega-3 fatty acids are often discussed in brain injury nutrition.

Two commonly studied omega-3 fatty acids are:

  • EPA
  • DHA

DHA is an important component of brain-cell membranes.

Foods naturally rich in omega-3 fats include:

  • Salmon
  • Sardines
  • Trout
  • Mackerel
  • Walnuts
  • Chia seeds
  • Flaxseed

Research into omega-3 supplementation following concussion is promising, but current evidence does not support claiming that omega-3 supplements cure concussion.

Finnegan et al. (2022) found encouraging findings for nutritional interventions after mild traumatic brain injury while emphasizing the need for stronger clinical research.

Food-first nutrition remains a practical starting point.


What About Magnesium, Vitamin D, Creatine, and Other Supplements?

Several nutrients are being studied for neurological health and recovery.

These include:

  • Magnesium
  • Vitamin D
  • Zinc
  • Creatine
  • B vitamins
  • Antioxidants
  • Omega-3 fatty acids

However, supplementation should be individualized.

More is not automatically better.

For example, a patient’s supplementation plan may need to change because of:

  • Kidney disease
  • Liver disease
  • Medications
  • Blood thinners
  • Gastrointestinal conditions
  • Laboratory findings
  • Pregnancy
  • Upcoming procedures

Functional medicine can be useful because the clinician can look beyond the name of the injury and ask whether another health problem may be interfering with recovery.


Support the Gut With Fiber and Food Diversity

The intestinal microbiome includes trillions of microorganisms.

Some gut bacteria help process dietary fibers and create substances called short-chain fatty acids.

These compounds participate in metabolic and immune signaling.

Foods that support dietary diversity may include:

  • Vegetables
  • Fruits
  • Beans
  • Lentils
  • Nuts
  • Seeds
  • Oats
  • Whole grains
  • Fermented foods when tolerated

A healthy gut does not require an extreme detox diet.

For many people, consistently eating whole foods, enough fiber, adequate protein, and fewer heavily processed foods is a more sustainable approach.

Research continues to examine how the microbiome, intestinal barrier, nervous system, and immune system communicate (Gwak & Chang, 2021).


Hydration Matters More Than Many Patients Realize

Even mild dehydration can contribute to symptoms such as:

  • Headaches
  • Fatigue
  • Poor concentration
  • Dizziness
  • Exercise intolerance

Those symptoms can also appear after concussion and whiplash.

This means dehydration can make an already difficult recovery feel worse.

Patients should maintain appropriate fluid intake and discuss electrolyte replacement with a healthcare professional when needed.


Sleep Is Part of Injury Treatment

Food is important, but the body also needs time to repair itself.

Sleep supports:

  • Brain function
  • Memory
  • Immune regulation
  • Hormone regulation
  • Muscle recovery
  • Pain control
  • Metabolism

Sleep disturbances are common after concussion and painful neck injuries.

A healthier sleep routine may include:

  • Maintaining regular sleep and wake times
  • Reducing bright light late at night
  • Limiting caffeine later in the day
  • Avoiding excessive alcohol
  • Gradually increasing appropriate daytime activity
  • Keeping the bedroom dark and comfortable

Persistent sleep problems after a head injury should be discussed with a healthcare provider.


Where ChiroMed Integrative Chiropractic Care Fits

At ChiroMed Integrative Medicine in El Paso, the treatment model brings multiple aspects of injury recovery together.

ChiroMed describes its current approach as combining chiropractic care, nurse practitioner services, rehabilitation, nutrition, functional medicine, and other health services in a patient-centered model.

For injured patients, this approach is important because a neck injury does not exist separately from the rest of the person.

Chiropractic and rehabilitative care may address musculoskeletal problems such as:

  • Restricted cervical movement
  • Joint dysfunction
  • Muscle tightness
  • Muscle guarding
  • Postural changes
  • Shoulder compensation
  • Mechanical neck pain
  • Reduced movement tolerance
  • Weakness following inactivity

Chiropractic care does not treat or replace medical management of a brain injury itself.

Instead, it may help address the musculoskeletal injuries that can occur alongside a concussion.

A patient with trauma should first be evaluated for conditions that could make cervical manipulation or other treatment inappropriate, including fracture, serious neurological injury, instability, or vascular injury.

Care can then be matched to the individual’s diagnosis.


Rehabilitation Helps Turn Healing Into Function

Pain reduction is only part of successful recovery.

A patient eventually needs to regain movement, stability, strength, coordination, and confidence.

Rehabilitation may include:

  • Cervical mobility exercises
  • Stabilization exercises
  • Posture training
  • Shoulder strengthening
  • Balance training
  • Gradual cardiovascular exercise
  • Neuromuscular re-education
  • Progressive return to work
  • Progressive return to recreation or sports

The goal is to help the person return to normal life rather than become dependent on passive treatment.


Advanced Regenerative and Interventional Therapies

Some patients develop persistent neck pain after an injury despite appropriate conservative care.

If examination and diagnostic testing identify a specific pain-generating structure, advanced interventions may sometimes be considered.

Platelet-Rich Plasma

Platelet-rich plasma, or PRP, is prepared from the patient’s own blood. A concentrated platelet preparation is then delivered to a carefully selected musculoskeletal target.

PRP is being studied for problems involving joints, tendons, ligaments, and certain spinal pain conditions.

Smith et al. (2023) studied PRP for cervical facet joint pain in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders. Participants experienced improvements in pain and disability.

However, this was a prospective case series, not a large randomized controlled trial.

That means PRP for chronic whiplash remains an emerging treatment, not a guaranteed cure.

PRP and other orthobiologic procedures should also not be described as directly repairing a concussion.


Laser Therapy and Neck Rehabilitation

Laser-based therapies are another tool sometimes incorporated into musculoskeletal rehabilitation.

A systematic review by de la Barra Ortiz et al. (2024) found that high-intensity laser therapy combined with rehabilitation may improve pain and disability in people with neck pain.

A 2025 network meta-analysis by Hao et al. also found evidence supporting several physical treatment modalities for neck-pain rehabilitation, including high-intensity laser and extracorporeal shockwave therapy.

These treatments may therefore have a role in selected musculoskeletal neck conditions.

They should not be confused with treatments directed at the injured brain.

For example, Taylor et al. (2024) conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of transcranial photobiomodulation for persistent concussion symptoms and did not find a clear significant benefit over placebo after adjustment.

Clear distinctions like these help patients make better healthcare decisions.


Shockwave Therapy

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy uses acoustic energy and is used in several musculoskeletal rehabilitation settings.

It has been studied more extensively for tendon and soft-tissue disorders than for concussion.

When used after head and neck trauma, its role would generally be aimed at appropriate musculoskeletal tissues, not at treating the brain injury itself.

The same principle applies to other regenerative procedures.

The treatment must match the diagnosis.


Why ChiroMed Uses an Integrated Approach

No single treatment addresses every part of an injury.

An adjustment cannot replace nutrition.

A supplement cannot stabilize an injured joint.

An injection cannot restore normal movement on its own.

Laser therapy cannot replace neurological evaluation.

Exercise cannot correct every metabolic problem.

Nutrition cannot repair a mechanical injury without appropriate rehabilitation.

That is the value of integrated care.

At ChiroMed, an injury recovery program may look at several areas together.

Structure

Evaluation may involve:

  • Cervical joints
  • Muscles
  • Ligaments
  • Discs
  • Facet joints
  • Extremities
  • Posture

Neurological Health

Symptoms may include:

  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
  • Concentration problems
  • Balance problems
  • Light sensitivity
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Nerve symptoms

Metabolic Health

Recovery may also be influenced by:

  • Blood glucose
  • Insulin resistance
  • Nutrition
  • Vitamin status
  • Hydration
  • Body composition
  • Inflammation

Function

The final goal includes restoring:

  • Strength
  • Mobility
  • Stability
  • Coordination
  • Endurance
  • Work ability
  • Daily activity

This is consistent with ChiroMed’s stated model of combining medical evaluation, chiropractic care, rehabilitation, soft-tissue care, functional medicine, and whole-body health strategies within a coordinated injury program.


Dr. Alex Jimenez: Connecting Chiropractic, Nursing, and Functional Medicine

Dr. Alexander Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC, CFMP, IFMCP, ATN, CCST, serves as Clinical Director within ChiroMed’s multidisciplinary model.

His professional background combines chiropractic care with advanced practice nursing and functional medicine.

This creates an opportunity to examine an injured patient through several clinical lenses.

Instead of asking only:

“Where does it hurt?”

an integrated evaluation can also ask:

  • How did the injury occur?
  • Is there neurological involvement?
  • Which structures were injured?
  • Is movement restricted?
  • Has strength decreased?
  • Is sleep interfering with recovery?
  • Is nutrition adequate?
  • Are metabolic problems slowing healing?
  • Does the patient need imaging?
  • Is another medical specialist needed?
  • Is rehabilitation progressing?
  • Is an advanced intervention appropriate?

This broader approach fits ChiroMed’s goal of addressing contributing factors rather than focusing only on symptoms.


Medical Oversight With Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas

The ChiroMed multidisciplinary team also includes Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD, who is board-certified in Internal Medicine.

ChiroMed identifies Dr. Cardenas as its Medical Director, Clinical Director, and Collaborative Physician, with NPI #1164426749 and Texas Medical License #J2933.

She brings more than 40 years of clinical experience in internal medicine to the collaborative model.

Her role adds medical oversight to a system that may integrate:

  • Chiropractic care
  • Medical evaluation
  • Functional medicine
  • Personal injury care
  • Rehabilitation
  • Nutritional counseling
  • Metabolic health
  • Musculoskeletal care
  • Coordination with other specialists

This multidisciplinary structure allows different licensed professionals to contribute within their respective clinical scopes.


Root-Cause Recovery: Why Isn’t the Patient Getting Better?

One of the most useful questions in functional and integrative medicine is:

What could be slowing recovery?

Possible factors may include:

  • Poor protein intake
  • Nutrient deficiencies
  • Poor sleep
  • High blood sugar
  • Insulin resistance
  • Dehydration
  • Physical inactivity
  • Loss of muscle
  • Persistent stress
  • Gastrointestinal problems
  • Medication effects
  • An untreated structural injury

Identifying these problems does not replace diagnosis of the original injury.

It can help create a healthier environment for healing and rehabilitation.


Know the Warning Signs After a Head Injury

The Gut-Brain-Spine approach should never delay emergency medical care.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a person should receive immediate medical attention after head trauma if serious warning signs develop.

These can include:

  • A worsening headache
  • Repeated vomiting
  • Seizures
  • Increasing confusion
  • Slurred speech
  • Weakness or numbness
  • Poor coordination
  • Inability to stay awake
  • One pupil larger than the other
  • Double vision
  • Unusual behavior

These symptoms may indicate a more serious brain injury.

Nutrition, chiropractic care, supplements, rehabilitation, or regenerative therapies should never substitute for emergency evaluation when red flags are present.


Feed the Brain, Support the Gut, and Rebuild the Spine

Head and neck injury recovery is rarely about one body part.

The brain needs energy.

The digestive system absorbs nutrients and participates in immune and metabolic signaling.

The cervical spine needs mobility and stability.

Muscles need protein.

The nervous system needs appropriate activity and rest.

The injured person needs sleep, hydration, movement, and time.

That is the practical meaning behind the Gut-Brain-Spine Connection.

For patients in El Paso, the ChiroMed model brings many of these pieces together through coordinated chiropractic care, medical oversight, functional medicine, nutrition, personal injury management, and rehabilitation.

For appropriately selected patients, advanced therapies may also support treatment of a clearly identified musculoskeletal injury.

The objective is not to chase symptoms with one procedure after another.

The objective is to understand the injury, identify barriers to recovery, rebuild function, and help the patient move toward a healthier and more active life.


References

Aghakhani, N. (2022). Relationship between mild traumatic brain injury and the gut microbiome: A scoping review. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 100(3), 827–834. Relationship Between Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and the Gut Microbiome

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). Symptoms of mild TBI and concussion. Symptoms of Mild TBI and Concussion

ChiroMed Integrated Medicine. (2026). About us. Meet the ChiroMed Integrated Medicine Team

ChiroMed Integrated Medicine. (2026). Integrated injury care in El Paso, TX. Integrated Injury Care in El Paso, Texas

Cleveland Clinic. (2023). The gut-brain connection. The Gut-Brain Connection

de la Barra Ortiz, H. A., Arias, M., & Liebano, R. E. (2024). A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy in the management of neck pain. Lasers in Medical Science, 39(1), 124. High-Intensity Laser Therapy in the Management of Neck Pain

Finnegan, E., Daly, E., Pearce, A. J., & Ryan, L. (2022). Nutritional interventions to support acute mTBI recovery. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 977728. Nutritional Interventions to Support Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery

Gwak, M.-G., & Chang, S.-Y. (2021). Gut-brain connection: Microbiome, gut barrier, and environmental sensors. Immune Network, 21(3), e20. Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors

Hao, J., He, Z., Huang, B., Li, Y., Remis, A., Yao, Z., Tang, Y., Sun, Y., & Wu, K. (2025). Comparative effectiveness of six biophysical agents on neck pain rehabilitation: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. European Spine Journal, 34(6), 2183–2200. Comparative Effectiveness of Biophysical Agents on Neck Pain Rehabilitation

Jimenez, A. (2026). The gut-brain connection. Dr. Alex Jimenez: The Gut-Brain Connection

Smith, A., Andruski, B., Deng, G., & Burnham, R. (2023). Cervical facet joint platelet-rich plasma in people with chronic whiplash-associated disorders: A prospective case series of longer-term outcomes. Interventional Pain Medicine, 2(1), 100237. Platelet-Rich Plasma for Cervical Facet Pain Following Whiplash

Taylor, A. M., Mannix, R., Zafonte, R. D., Whalen, M. J., & Meehan, W. P., III. (2024). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating transcranial photobiomodulation as treatment for concussion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 56(5), 822–827. Transcranial Photobiomodulation as Treatment for Concussion


Testosterone Deficiency Management for Women’s Hormonal Health


Understanding women’s hormonal health is crucial. Discover how testosterone deficiency affects overall well-being.

Female Testosterone Deficiency

Hello, I’m Dr. Alex Jimenez. With a career spanning decades and a passion for uncovering the root causes of health issues, I’ve dedicated my practice to a comprehensive, integrative approach to wellness. Holding credentials as a Doctor of Chiropractic (DC), Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), Family Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified (FNP-BC), Certified Functional Medicine Practitioner (CFMP), Institute for Functional Medicine Certified Practitioner (IFMCP), Autism Treatment Network (ATN) practitioner, and Certified in Chiropractic Spinal Trauma (CCST), I have seen firsthand how a fragmented approach to healthcare often fails patients, especially when it comes to the intricate world of hormonal health.
At our practice, Injury Medical Clinic PA in El Paso, Texas, we pride ourselves on a multidisciplinary model of care. This collaborative environment is the cornerstone of our philosophy. I work hand in hand with our Medical Director and Collaborative Physician, Dr. Maria Guadalupe Cardenas, MD. Dr. Cardenas is a highly respected, board-certified Internist with over 40 years of invaluable experience. Her medical oversight, combined with my expertise in chiropractic, functional medicine, rehabilitation, and personal injury care, allows us to create a truly integrated system. This synergy ensures that our patients receive a depth and breadth of care that addresses their health from every possible angle, bridging the gap between conventional medical protocols and holistic, patient-centered therapies.
This educational post is born from a desire to demystify one of the most misunderstood and undertreated aspects of women’s health: testosterone deficiency. It’s a topic I am deeply passionate about because I witness the profound, and often devastating, impact it has on my patients’ lives daily. They come to me feeling dismissed, unheard, and resigned to a life of fatigue, depression, and physical decline, having been told their symptoms are just an inevitable part of aging. I am here to tell you that this is not the truth. This narrative needs to be rewritten, and my goal is to empower you with the knowledge to do so.
Drawing on the latest evidence-based research from leading institutions and my own extensive clinical observations, this article will guide you through a comprehensive journey. We will dismantle common myths, explore the deep physiological roles of testosterone in the female body, and provide a clear roadmap for diagnosis and treatment. We will explore how our integrative model—combining Dr. Cardenas’s medical direction with chiropractic adjustments, functional medicine testing, nutritional strategies, and targeted lifestyle interventions—offers a powerful, effective solution. This is not just about replacing a hormone; it is about restoring vitality, function, and quality of life.

Abstract: Reclaiming Vitality – A Deep Dive into Female Testosterone Deficiency

This comprehensive educational post, authored from the first-person perspective of Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC, offers an in-depth exploration of testosterone deficiency in women, challenging the pervasive and harmful myth that symptoms like fatigue, depression, low libido, and weight gain are merely normal consequences of aging. This article serves as an empowering guide, grounded in the latest scientific research and extensive clinical experience, to help women understand, diagnose, and effectively manage this often-overlooked condition.
The discussion begins by establishing testosterone’s critical physiological roles in the female body, extending far beyond libido to include bone mineral density, lean muscle mass maintenance, cognitive function, mood stability, and metabolic health. It dismantles the misconception that testosterone is solely a “male” hormone, detailing its production pathways in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and peripheral tissues.
A core focus is clearly differentiating between the two primary types of hormone deficiency: Primary Hypogonadism (ovarian failure) and Secondary Hypogonadism (hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction). The post provides a detailed breakdown of the underlying causes, diagnostic markers (LH, FSH, Testosterone levels), and distinct treatment approaches for each. For primary hypogonadism, the necessity of exogenous hormone replacement is explained, while for secondary hypogonadism, the emphasis is placed on identifying and treating the upstream root cause.
The article then elaborates on the crucial interconnectedness of the endocrine system, detailing how conditions like thyroid dysfunction (elevated TSH and SHBG), chronic stress (HPA axis dysregulation and pregnenolone steal), and severe caloric restriction (hypothalamic shutdown) can directly lead to or exacerbate testosterone deficiency. It provides a clear, actionable list of essential laboratory tests required for a comprehensive diagnosis, including total and free testosterone, LH, FSH, SHBG, prolactin, and a full thyroid panel.
Finally, the post highlights the unique benefits of an integrative, multidisciplinary approach to treatment. It explains how the collaborative care model at Injury Medical Clinic, which unites the medical oversight of Dr. Maria Cardenas, MD (Internal Medicine), with the functional and structural expertise of Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP, provides a holistic framework. This integration of chiropractic care, functional medicine, nutritional therapy, and stress management is presented as essential for restoring hormonal balance, optimizing nervous system function, and addressing the whole person, not just their symptoms. The ultimate message is one of hope and empowerment, asserting that with proper understanding and a comprehensive approach, women can reclaim their vitality and thrive at any age.

Testosterone in Women: The Overlooked Key to Vitality

Testosterone. The word itself often conjures images of masculinity, athletic prowess, and aggression. For decades, it has been almost exclusively discussed in the context of men’s health. But what if I told you that one of the most common reasons a woman in her 40s or 50s is handed a prescription for an antidepressant is not due to a primary psychiatric disorder, but because of a profound and undiagnosed testosterone deficiency? This is not speculation; it is a clinical reality I confront every single day in my practice.
Women arrive at my clinic describing a familiar and heartbreaking constellation of symptoms. They feel a bone-deep exhaustion that no amount of sleep can fix. They report a complete loss of libido, which strains their relationships and chips away at their sense of self. They are struggling with unexplained weight gain, particularly around the midsection, despite their best efforts with diet and exercise. They feel a mental fog that clouds their thinking and a pervasive sense of low mood or even depression. They are watching their muscle tone disappear, replaced by a softness they don’t recognize.
And what is the typical response they receive from the conventional medical system? Too often, their concerns are dismissed. They are told to “age gracefully.” They are told this is just a normal part of perimenopause or menopause. And, most alarmingly, they are frequently prescribed an antidepressant to manage their low mood. This treatment completely misses the underlying hormonal root cause and can sometimes even worsen their low libido. Does this scenario sound familiar? If it does, you are not alone, and you must understand that you are not simply “getting older”—you are likely suffering from a treatable medical condition.

The Fundamental Role of Testosterone in Female Physiology

To begin this journey, we must first dismantle the myth that testosterone is exclusively a male hormone. It is not. Women produce testosterone, and they always have. It is an essential component of female physiology, and without optimal levels, the body cannot function as designed. Let’s break down where it comes from.
The female body has a sophisticated system for producing this vital hormone:

  • The Ovaries: These are the primary producers, responsible for manufacturing approximately 50 percent of a woman’s total testosterone output during her reproductive years. This production is intricately linked to the menstrual cycle and overall ovarian health.
  • The Adrenal Glands: Sitting atop the kidneys, these small but mighty endocrine glands produce about 25 percent of the body’s testosterone. This production is part of the adrenal cascade, which also produces stress hormones like cortisol.
  • Peripheral Conversion: The remaining 25 percent is synthesized in various tissues throughout the body, including fat (adipose tissue) and muscle. This process involves converting precursor hormones, such as androstenedione, into active testosterone. This pathway is particularly important because it shows how body composition—the ratio of fat to muscle—can directly influence hormone levels.

Once produced, testosterone doesn’t just float around aimlessly. It travels through the bloodstream and binds to androgen receptors in cells throughout the body, triggering a cascade of critical biological functions. The notion that its only job is to govern sex drive is a gross oversimplification. In women, optimal testosterone levels are the driving force behind:

  • Libido and Sexual Function: This is its most well-known role. Testosterone is the primary driver of sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm in women. Low levels are a direct cause of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD).
  • Bone Mineral Density: Testosterone plays a crucial role in stimulating osteoblasts, the cells responsible for building new bone tissue. Testosterone deficiency is a significant and independent risk factor for osteopenia and osteoporosis, increasing the likelihood of fractures as women age.
  • Lean Muscle Mass and Strength: It is a powerful anabolic hormone, meaning it promotes protein synthesis and muscle growth. This is why women with low testosterone struggle to maintain or build muscle, even with consistent strength training. This muscle loss (sarcopenia) lowers metabolic rate and increases frailty.
  • Cognitive Sharpness and Clarity: The brain is rich in androgen receptors, particularly in areas associated with memory, focus, and spatial awareness. Optimal testosterone levels contribute to mental acuity and protect against cognitive decline. The “brain fog” so many women describe is often a direct symptom of hormonal imbalance.
  • Mood Stability and Well-being: Testosterone profoundly affects neurotransmitter systems in the brain, including dopamine and serotonin. It promotes confidence, motivation, and emotional resilience. Deficiency is strongly linked to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and irritability.
  • Red Blood Cell Production (Erythropoiesis): Testosterone stimulates the kidneys to produce erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that signals the bone marrow to create new red blood cells. This is essential for oxygen-carrying capacity and energy levels. Chronic fatigue in testosterone-deficient women can be partly attributed to suboptimal red blood cell counts.
  • Metabolic Rate and Body Composition: By promoting lean muscle mass, which is metabolically active tissue, testosterone helps to maintain a healthy resting metabolic rate. Deficiency contributes to a metabolic slowdown, making it easier to gain fat and harder to lose it.

The scientific community is increasingly recognizing the gravity of this issue. This isn’t just anecdotal evidence from clinicians like me. A landmark 2021 study published in one of the world’s most prestigious medical journals, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, provided powerful confirmation of what we’ve observed for years. The researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. They concluded that testosterone deficiency in women is independently associated with decreased bone mineral density, sexual dysfunction, and an overall impaired quality of life (Islam et al., 2021).
Pay close attention to the language here: associated, not just correlated. In scientific terms, this implies a strong, direct link. This isn’t a random coincidence; it’s a cause-and-effect relationship. If you have low testosterone, it is not a benign finding. It is a pathological state that is actively undermining your physical and mental health. When a woman presents with these symptoms, the question isn’t if she has a hormone problem, but what kind of hormone problem it is. And that’s where the diagnostic journey must begin.

Unraveling Hypogonadism: Primary vs. Secondary Deficiency

When we identify low testosterone in a woman, it falls under the medical diagnosis of hypogonadism, which means diminished functional activity of the gonads (the ovaries in women). However, many physicians use this term as a catch-all without truly understanding the critical distinction between its two main forms. I see this every day in my practice when I review patient histories—women being treated with a one-size-fits-all approach that is doomed to fail because their doctor never identified the source of the problem. Getting this diagnosis right is everything, because the treatment pathways are completely different.
There are only two possibilities for why testosterone is low: Primary Hypogonadism or Secondary Hypogonadism. Let’s break these down so you can understand the difference.

Primary Hypogonadism: When the Factory Is Broken

Primary hypogonadism is a problem with the ovaries themselves. Think of the endocrine system as a corporate hierarchy. The brain (specifically the hypothalamus and pituitary gland) is the management, sending out instructions. The ovaries are the factory floor, responsible for producing the final product (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone). In primary hypogonadism, the factory itself is broken, offline, or has shut down.
The brain, doing its job, recognizes that blood hormone levels are dangerously low. In response, it screams for more production. It sends a flood of stimulating signals down to the ovaries. These signals are two key hormones: Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH). The pituitary gland pumps out LH and FSH in ever-increasing amounts, desperately trying to get the ovaries to respond.
But in primary hypogonadism, the ovaries can’t hear the signal or can’t respond. The receiver is cooked. The result is a very specific and unmistakable laboratory pattern:

  • Sky-High LH and FSH: The brain is shouting, so the levels of these stimulating hormones are dramatically elevated.
  • Rock-Bottom Testosterone (and Estrogen): Despite the intense stimulation, the broken factory cannot produce the hormones, so bloodstream levels are very low.

This is a state of ovarian failure. The signal from management is perfectly fine, but the machinery on the factory floor is non-functional.

Causes of Primary Hypogonadism

There are several reasons why a woman might develop primary hypogonadism:

  • Natural Menopause: This is the most common cause. As a woman approaches her late 40s and 50s, the ovaries naturally run out of viable eggs and stop producing hormones. This is a normal, albeit often challenging, biological transition.
  • Surgical Menopause (Oophorectomy): If a woman has her ovaries surgically removed, for reasons such as cancer, severe endometriosis, or cysts, she is immediately plunged into primary hypogonadism, regardless of her age. Hormone production ceases overnight.
  • Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI): This is a condition where the ovaries stop functioning properly before the age of 40. It can be caused by genetic factors (like Turner syndrome or Fragile X syndrome), autoimmune diseases where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the ovaries (oophoritis), or damage from chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
  • Infections or Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Severe infections can sometimes cause irreparable damage to the ovarian tissue, leading to a loss of function.

The Only Solution for Primary Hypogonadism

When the factory is permanently broken, there is only one logical and effective solution: you must provide the body with the hormones it can no longer make. This is called exogenous hormone replacement. You bypass the broken factory entirely and supply the finished product directly.
The treatment for primary hypogonadism is not a magic tea or a simple supplement. It requires a comprehensive and medically supervised Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) regimen. This typically includes:

  1. Exogenous Testosterone: This is the key component we’re focusing on. It can be administered via creams, gels, pellets, or injections to restore blood levels to a healthy, youthful range. This directly addresses the symptoms of low libido, fatigue, muscle loss, and mood changes.
  2. Estrogen and Progesterone: For women who are in menopause and still have a uterus, it is crucial to replace estrogen (to manage symptoms like hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and protect bones) and progesterone (to protect the uterine lining from the effects of unopposed estrogen).
  3. Supportive Cofactors and Peptides: A sophisticated approach also involves ensuring the body has all the necessary building blocks and signaling molecules to use these hormones effectively. This can include optimizing levels of Vitamin D, magnesium, and zinc, and sometimes utilizing specific peptides. Peptides are short chains of amino acids that act as signaling molecules in the body. For instance, peptides that support mitochondrial function and reduce inflammation can amplify the benefits of HRT by improving cellular health and energy production.

In our clinic, this is where the integrative model shines. While Dr. Cardenas oversees the medical necessity and prescription of HRT, my team and I focus on the foundational support. We use functional medicine testing to identify and correct nutritional deficiencies, and our chiropractic care ensures the nervous system—the master communication network that coordinates all endocrine function—is free of interference. This combination provides a robust framework for successful hormone replacement.

Secondary Hypogonadism: A Problem with Management

Now, let’s turn to secondary hypogonadism. This is a completely different scenario, and confusing it with primary hypogonadism is a critical clinical error.
In secondary hypogonadism, the ovaries—the factory—are perfectly fine. They are healthy, capable, and ready to produce hormones. The problem lies upstream, with the management team: the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in the brain. For some reason, management has gone offline. They are not sending the necessary signals (GnRH, LH, and FSH) down to the ovaries.
The hypothalamus is supposed to release Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in a pulsatile fashion. This GnRH then signals the pituitary to release LH and FSH. But in secondary hypogonadism, this entire chain of command is suppressed.
This leads to a laboratory pattern that is the mirror opposite of primary hypogonadism:

  • Low GnRH (though this is difficult to measure directly in blood tests)
  • Low LH and FSH: Because GnRH is not stimulating the pituitary, it doesn’t release the stimulating hormones. The signals to the ovaries are weak or absent.
  • Low Testosterone (and Estrogen): The healthy, functional ovaries are just sitting there, waiting for instructions that never arrive. Without the LH signal, they do not produce testosterone.

The ovaries are not the problem; they are simply not getting the signal to do their job.

The Crucial Question: Why Is Management Offline?

Here is the most important part: with secondary hypogonadism, simply giving exogenous testosterone is like putting a bucket under a leak in the ceiling without ever going to fix the broken pipe in the roof. You are treating the downstream symptom, not the upstream cause. You might feel a little better temporarily, but you will never truly resolve the issue, and you will likely continue to feel “like crap” because the root problem is still raging.
Therefore, the entire goal of diagnosing secondary hypogonadism is to answer one question: WHY? Why has the hypothalamic-pituitary axis gone silent? Investigating the “why” is the cornerstone of a functional medicine approach. Here are the most common culprits I investigate in my patients.

The “Why” of Secondary Hypogonadism: A Functional Medicine Investigation

When a patient’s lab results point to secondary hypogonadism—low testosterone accompanied by low LH and FSH—my role as a functional medicine practitioner kicks into high gear. This is where we move beyond simply naming the condition and start acting like a detective, hunting for the underlying dysfunction that has silenced the brain’s hormonal command center. Simply prescribing testosterone at this stage is a clinical failure. We must peel back the layers and address the root cause.
Here are the three most common and impactful areas I investigate first, each of which can single-handedly suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis.

1. Thyroid Function: The Master Metabolic Regulator

The very first place I look is the thyroid. The thyroid gland is the master regulator of the body’s metabolism. Every single cell in your body has thyroid hormone receptors, and its function is intimately and inextricably linked with reproductive hormone health. Ignoring the thyroid when evaluating sex hormones is like trying to fix a car’s engine without checking if there’s gas in the tank.
The standard medical approach often involves checking only a Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) level. If it falls within the wide “normal” lab range, the patient is told their thyroid is fine. This is a woefully inadequate assessment. In functional medicine, we know that a “normal” TSH can hide significant underlying thyroid dysfunction.
Here’s how a sluggish thyroid (hypothyroidism) directly tanks your testosterone levels:

  • Increased Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG): When the body is in a hypothyroid state, the brain releases more TSH to try to stimulate the thyroid gland. Even a “high-normal ” TSH is a sign that the brain is working harder than it should. This elevated TSH has a downstream effect: it signals the liver to produce more Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG).
  • SHBG: The Testosterone Hoarder: Think of SHBG as a “hormone tax” that binds very tightly to testosterone in the bloodstream. When testosterone is bound to SHBG, it is biologically useless. It cannot detach to enter a cell and bind to its receptor. It’s like having a key to your house, but it’s permanently glued inside a locked box.
  • The Free Testosterone Dilemma: This creates a deceptive clinical picture. A woman can have a normal total testosterone level on her lab report, leading her doctor to believe everything is fine. However, if her SHBG is sky-high, her free testosterone—the amount that is actually unbound and available to do its job—can be virtually zero. She will have all the debilitating symptoms of low testosterone, but her standard lab test will be “normal.”

This is why a comprehensive thyroid panel is non-negotiable. At a bare minimum, in addition to TSH, we must test:

  • Free T4 and Free T3: These are the actual thyroid hormones. T4 is the storage form, and T3 is the active form. Low T3 is a major red flag.
  • Reverse T3 (rT3): Under stress, the body can convert T4 into an inactive “antagonist” form called reverse T3, which blocks the action of active T3.
  • Thyroid Antibodies (TPO and TG): These test for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition that is the number one cause of hypothyroidism in the United States.

If we find thyroid dysfunction, our treatment focuses on supporting the thyroid with nutrients like iodine, selenium, and zinc, managing the autoimmune component if present, and, when medically necessary and in collaboration with Dr. Cardenas, prescribing the appropriate thyroid hormone medication (often including T3, not just T4). By optimizing thyroid function and lowering SHBG, we can “liberate” the testosterone already present, often restoring free testosterone levels without needing to add any exogenous testosterone.

2. The HPA Axis: Chronic Stress and Pregnenolone Steal

The second major area of investigation is the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, our central stress response system. In our modern world, most people are living in a state of chronic, unrelenting stress. This isn’t just psychological stress from work or relationships; it’s also physiological stress from poor sleep, hidden infections, inflammatory foods, environmental toxins, and blood sugar dysregulation.
When the body perceives chronic stress, it prioritizes survival above all else. Reproduction, repair, and optimal performance become secondary luxuries. The adrenal glands are commanded to pump out the survival hormone: cortisol.
This is where a phenomenon known as the “pregnenolone steal” or “cortisol shunt” occurs. To understand this, we need to look at the adrenal hormone production cascade. It all starts with cholesterol, which is converted into a master hormone called pregnenolone. From pregnenolone, the body has two main pathways it can follow:

  1. The Cortisol Pathway: Pregnenolone -> Progesterone -> Cortisol
  2. The Sex Hormone Pathway: Pregnenolone -> DHEA -> Androstenedione -> Testosterone (and Estrogen)

Under normal circumstances, the body maintains a healthy balance, producing both cortisol and sex hormones. But when you are chronically stressed, the HPA axis goes into overdrive. The demand for cortisol becomes relentless. To meet this demand, the body “steals” the raw material—pregnenolone—and shunts it preferentially down the cortisol production pathway.
This leaves very little pregnenolone available to be converted into DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone), which is the direct precursor to testosterone produced in the adrenal glands. The result? Cortisol levels are high, and DHEA and testosterone levels plummet. The adrenals are so busy making the survival hormone that they have no resources left to make the “thrive” hormones.

The Futility of Chasing Symptoms

This is a critical concept to grasp. You cannot supplement, peptide, or magic tea your way out of a cortisol problem. If your body is screaming for survival, giving it a little extra DHEA or testosterone is like trying to redecorate a house that’s on fire. It’s completely missing the point. Your body will keep prioritizing cortisol production.
The only effective solution is to drop the HPA load. This is a cornerstone of our integrative approach. We work with patients to identify and mitigate their primary stressors:

  • Chiropractic Care: Spinal misalignments, or subluxations, are a major source of physical stress on the nervous system. They create a state of background “noise” or interference that keeps the HPA axis in low-grade, chronic activation. By delivering precise chiropractic adjustments, we restore proper motion and alignment to the spine, which calms the nervous system, reduces nociceptive input to the brain, and directly helps to down-regulate a chronically activated HPA axis. This is a powerful, non-invasive way to lower the body’s overall stress burden.
  • Dietary and Lifestyle Modification: We guide patients to adopt an anti-inflammatory diet, stabilize their blood sugar, and improve their sleep hygiene.
  • Stress Management Techniques: We teach and encourage practices like meditation, deep breathing exercises, mindfulness, and gentle movement like yoga or tai chi.
  • Adaptogenic Herbs and Nutrients: We may use targeted supplements like Ashwagandha, Rhodiola, and phosphatidylserine to help modulate the cortisol response and support adrenal resilience, but only after the foundational lifestyle changes are in place.

By addressing the root causes of stress and calming the HPA axis, we allow the body to rebalance its hormone production naturally. The “pregnenolone steal” resolves, and the adrenal glands can once again allocate resources to making DHEA and testosterone.

3. Energy Balance: The Starvation Signal

The third major culprit I’m seeing with increasing frequency lately is severe caloric deficit and chronic under-eating. This is particularly prevalent in the era of extreme dieting and the widespread use of GLP-1 agonist medications (like Ozempic or Wegovy) for weight loss.
The hypothalamus is exquisitely sensitive to energy availability. It has sophisticated mechanisms to monitor your energy intake and your energy stores (body fat). Its primary directive, passed down through millennia of evolution, is to ensure survival. Biology will never invest precious energy in processes like reproduction (which includes making sex hormones) or high-level performance when it perceives a state of starvation.
When a woman engages in chronic, severe caloric restriction, her body receives a powerful danger signal. “Famine is here. Resources are scarce. Shut down all non-essential functions.”
In response to this perceived energy crisis, the hypothalamus shuts down GnRH pulsatility. It stops sending the signal to the pituitary. The entire HPO axis goes dark. LH and FSH levels drop, ovarian function is suppressed, and testosterone production grinds to a halt. This condition is known as functional hypothalamic amenorrhea when it becomes severe enough to stop menstrual cycles, but the hormonal suppression begins long before that point.
This is a protective mechanism. It would be evolutionarily foolish for the body to support a potential pregnancy when thereisn’tt enough food to sustain the mother. This is not a disease; it is an appropriate and intelligent adaptation to a perceived environmental threat.
The rise of GLP-1 agonists has created a new wave of this problem. These drugs are incredibly effective at suppressing appetite and inducing weight loss. However, if not managed properly with adequate protein and nutrient intake, they can easily lead to a state of severe caloric and nutritional deficit. Patients lose weight rapidly, but they also often lose muscle mass, and their hormonal systems crash. They feel weak, exhausted, and their libido disappears—classic symptoms of secondary hypogonadism induced by a perceived starvation state.

The Solution: Fixing the Energy Issue

The solution here is conceptually simple but can be behaviorally challenging for patients conditioned to believe that “less is more.” You have to fix the energy issue. This means:

  • Eating Enough Food: We work with patients to calculate their true energy needs and ensure they are consuming enough calories to support their basal metabolic rate and activity levels.
  • Prioritizing Protein: Adequate protein intake is crucial to preserve lean muscle mass during weight loss and to provide the amino acid building blocks for hormones and neurotransmitters.
  • Nutrient Density: The focus must shift from calorie counting to nutrient density, ensuring the body is receiving all the vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats it needs to function.

You cannot trick biology. If the body believes it is starving, it will not produce testosterone. Restoring energy balance is the non-negotiable first step to restarting the HPO axis and resolving this type of secondary hypogonadism.

The Diagnostic Toolkit: Essential Labs for Clarity

To navigate this complex landscape and arrive at an accurate diagnosis, we must rely on objective data. Guesswork has no place in hormone management. Empowering yourself means knowing which tests to ask for and how to interpret them. When a patient comes to me with symptoms of testosterone deficiency, I insist on a comprehensive panel that goes far beyond the standard screening.
Here is the bare minimum list of labs you need to get a clear picture of what is happening in your body. I will have a more detailed list available in my clinic’s resources, but this is the essential starting point.

  • Total Testosterone: This measures the total amount of testosterone circulating in your blood, including both the bound and unbound forms. It provides a general overview but can be misleading on its own.
  • Free Testosterone: This is one of the most critical markers. It measures the tiny fraction (usually 1-2%) of testosterone that is not bound to SHBG or albumin and is therefore biologically active and available to your cells. This is the testosterone that “counts.” You can have normal total T but rock-bottom free T and be highly symptomatic.
  • LH (Luteinizing Hormone) and FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone): These two pituitary hormones are the key to differentiating between primary and secondary hypogonadism.
    • High LH/FSH + Low Testosterone = Primary Hypogonadism (ovarian failure)
    • Low LH/FSH + Low Testosterone = Secondary Hypogonadism (brain/pituitary issue)
  • SHBG (Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin): As discussed, this is crucial for interpreting your free testosterone levels. High SHBG can be caused by hypothyroidism, high estrogen levels (including from oral contraceptives), or a low-calorie diet. It effectively “steals” your free testosterone.
  • Prolactin: This is another pituitary hormone. Elevated prolactin levels (hyperprolactinemia) can be caused by stress, certain medications, or a benign pituitary tumor (prolactinoma). High prolactin directly suppresses GnRH, leading to secondary hypogonadism. It must always be checked.
  • A Complete Thyroid Panel: As emphasized, this is non-negotiable. It must include TSH, Free T4, Free T3, Reverse T3, and Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) and Thyroglobulin (TG) antibodies. Anything less is an incomplete picture.

Armed with these results, we can move from speculation to a precise diagnosis and formulate a targeted, effective treatment plan.

My Wife’s Story: A Testament to the Research

I want to share something personal because I believe it illustrates the power of this knowledge. My wife is forty-six years old. According to the conventional narrative, she should be “slowing down.” She should be accepting fatigue, weight gain, and a loss of libido as her new normal.
But that is a lie.
My wife looks and functions like she’s twenty-five. She is vibrant, energetic, strong, and sharp. Why? Because I am her doctor. We apply the very principles I am sharing with you today. We monitor her hormones regularly. We ensure her thyroid is optimal. We manage her stress through lifestyle and targeted support. We prioritize her nutrition, sleep, and physical activity. We do not accept “normal aging” as an excuse for a diminished quality of life.
Everything you need to reclaim your own vitality is available. It’s not a secret guarded by an elite few. It is all there in the scientific literature, in the research, in the playbooks of functional and integrative medicine. My mission is to make this information accessible to you, to give you the tools to have an intelligent conversation with your healthcare provider, and to advocate for the care you deserve.
You are not destined for a life of managed decline. Fatigue, depression, weight gain, and lost libido are not mandatory rites of passage into middle age. They are signals from your body that something is out of balance. By listening to those signals and applying a systematic, evidence-based approach, you can restore that balance and rewrite your story.

The Integrative Chiropractic Approach: A Synergistic Framework for Hormonal Health

Now, you might be asking, “This is all fascinating information about hormones, but where does chiropractic care fit in?” This is a crucial question, and the answer lies at the very heart of our integrative model at Injury Medical Clinic. Restoring hormonal balance isn’t just about prescribing hormones or supplements; it is about restoring the body’s innate ability to regulate itself. This is where the unique contribution of chiropractic care, combined with functional medicine and medical oversight, becomes indispensable.
Our entire endocrine (hormonal) system is directly controlled by the nervous system. The brain—specifically the hypothalamus and pituitary—is the command-and-control center. It sends signals down the spinal cord and out through peripheral nerves to every organ and gland in the body, including the ovaries and adrenal glands. It also receives a constant stream of information back from the body, which it uses to make decisions and maintain homeostasis, or balance.

Subluxation: The Stress of Structural Interference

In chiropractic, we focus on a condition known as vertebral subluxation. A subluxation is a complex of functional, structural, and pathological articular changes that compromise neural integrity and may influence organ system function and general health. In simpler terms, it occurs when a spinal vertebra loses its normal position or motion, placing stress and irritation on the delicate nerves and spinal cord it is designed to protect.
This structural interference creates deep physiological stress. It bombards the central nervous system with aberrant signals known as nociceptive input. Even without pain, this constant, low-grade “static” on the line forces the nervous system into a state of heightened alert, perpetuating a “fight-or-flight” response. This directly and chronically activates the HPA axis—the very same stress axis we identified as a primary cause of secondary hypogonadism through the “pregnenolone steal” mechanism.
Therefore, an uncorrected subluxation complex acts as a persistent, underlying stressor that can keep cortisol production high and actively suppress the production of your vital sex hormones, including testosterone. You can eat a perfect diet, take all the right supplements, and meditate for an hour a day. Still, if your nervous system is being constantly irritated by structural misalignments, you will be fighting an uphill battle to calm your HPA axis.

Chiropractic Adjustments: Restoring Nervous System Harmony

This is where the power of the chiropractic adjustment comes in. A specific, gentle, and precise chiropractic adjustment is designed to restore proper motion and alignment to the affected spinal segments. The effect is not just mechanical; it is profoundly neurological.
Research has shown that chiropractic adjustments can:

  • Decrease Nociceptive Input: By restoring normal joint mechanics, adjustments reduce the aberrant signals being sent to the brain, effectively “quieting the noise” (Pickar, 2002).
  • Modulate the Autonomic Nervous System: Studies have shown that adjustments can shift the balance of the autonomic nervous system away from sympathetic (“fight-or-flight”) dominance and toward a more parasympathetic (“rest-and-digest”) state. This is crucial for healing, recovery, and hormone regulation.
  • Influence HPA Axis Function: By reducing the overall stress load on the nervous system, chiropractic care can help down-regulate a chronically activated HPA axis, thereby mitigating pregnenolone steal and allowing the body to redirect resources back toward the production of DHEA and testosterone (Kovanur Sampath et al., 2022).
  • Improve Somatosensory Processing: Adjustments have been shown to alter how the brain processes information from the body, leading to better coordination, balance, and overall sensorimotor integration. This improved brain-body communication is fundamental to optimal self-regulation.

In the context of treating female testosterone deficiency, chiropractic care is not a “treatment” for the hormone problem itself. Instead, it is a foundational therapy that removes a major source of interference and creates the optimal neurological environment for the body to heal and regulate its own endocrine system. It helps to fix the upstream problem of HPA axis dysregulation, making all other interventions—whether it’s HRT, nutritional changes, or stress management techniques—more effective.

The Multidisciplinary Synergy in Action

Let’s walk through how our team at Injury Medical Clinic would manage a hypothetical patient—a 48-year-old woman presenting with fatigue, brain fog, weight gain, and low libido.

  • Comprehensive Intake and Examination: She would first have a detailed consultation with me. We would discuss her complete health history, symptoms, and lifestyle. I would perform a thorough physical, neurological, and chiropractic structural examination to identify any areas of subluxation and nervous system interference.
  • Advanced Laboratory Testing: Based on her symptoms, I would order the comprehensive hormone and thyroid panel we discussed earlier. This provides the crucial biochemical data to understand the nature of her hormonal imbalance.
  • Medical Collaboration with Dr. Cardenas: Dr. Cardenas and I would review the lab results and my examination findings. Her expertise as an internist is vital here. If the labs show clear primary hypogonadism (ovarian failure), Dr. Cardenas would lead the medical management, prescribing the appropriate bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), including testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone. Her medical oversight ensures this is done safely and effectively, in accordance with the highest standards of care.
  • Functional Medicine Root Cause Analysis: If the labs instead point to secondary hypogonadism, my functional medicine investigation begins. We would analyze the results to pinpoint the upstream driver—is it a thyroid issue? HPA axis dysregulation? An energy deficit?
  • Integrated Treatment Plan: A multifaceted plan would then be created:
    • Chiropractic Care: I would begin a course of specific chiropractic adjustments to correct her spinal subluxations, reduce stress on her nervous system, and help down-regulate her HPA axis.
    • Nutritional and Lifestyle Coaching: Our team would provide her with a personalized nutritional plan to support thyroid function, stabilize blood sugar, and reduce inflammation. We would also coach her on sleep hygiene and stress management techniques.
    • Targeted Supplementation: Based on her functional testing, we might recommend specific nutrients (like Vitamin D, B vitamins, or magnesium) or adaptogenic herbs to support her adrenal and thyroid health.
    • Rehabilitation and Exercise: Our rehabilitation specialists would design an exercise program focused on building lean muscle mass through resistance training, which further helps to improve insulin sensitivity and boost metabolic rate.

This is not a fragmented approach where the patient sees a chiropractor for her back, a medical doctor for her hormones, and a nutritionist for her diet. It is a cohesive, coordinated strategy in which every member of the team communicates and works toward the same goal: restoring function and vitality to the whole person. Dr. Cardenas provides the essential medical framework and prescriptive authority, while my team and I build the foundational health from the ground up, addressing structure, function, and biochemistry simultaneously.
This is the future of healthcare. It is patient-centered, evidence-based, and truly integrative. It recognizes that health is not merely the absence of disease but the vibrant expression of life, and that achieving it requires a comprehensive approach that honors the intricate connections between all of the body’s systems.

References

  • Islam, R. M., Bell, R. J., Green, S., Page, M. J., & Davis, S. R. (2021). Endogenous testosterone concentrations and risk of incident cardiovascular events in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 9(6), 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00067-1
  • Kovanur Sampath, K., Mani, R., Cotter, J. D., & Tumilty, S. (2022). Changes in biochemical markers of pain/inflammation, muscle damage, and stress-related hormones following spinal manipulative therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, 61, 102598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102598
  • Pickar, J. G. (2002). Neurophysiological effects of spinal manipulation. The Spine Journal, 2(5), 357–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1529-9430(02)00400-x

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