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Auto Injuries: Understanding the Damage to The Rotator Cuffs

Get informed about auto injuries and rotator cuffs. Explore ways to protect your shoulders after an accident.

Shoulder Pain and Injuries in Motor Vehicle Accidents: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Shoulder injuries are a frequent consequence of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), often resulting from the sudden and forceful impacts experienced during collisions. These injuries can range from minor sprains to severe conditions like rotator cuff tears, fractures, and nerve damage, significantly impacting daily life. While a sore shoulder might not earn you a starring role in a tragic drama, it can certainly feel like a grim plot twist in your day-to-day routine. Understanding the clinical reasons behind why shoulder pain and injuries are so closely linked to MVAs is essential for effective treatment and recovery. This blog post explores the mechanisms of shoulder injury in MVAs, their role in developing shoulder pain, and their specific impact on the rotator cuff. We also highlight the expertise of Dr. Alexander Jimenez, a distinguished chiropractor and nurse practitioner in El Paso, Texas, who specializes in treating personal injury cases with advanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Anatomy of the Shoulder

The shoulder is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, allowing for a wide range of movements, such as lifting, rotating, and reaching. This mobility, however, comes at the cost of stability, making the shoulder particularly vulnerable to injury. The shoulder joint comprises three main bones: the humerus (upper arm bone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the clavicle (collarbone). The rotator cuff, a group of four muscles—supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis—and their tendons stabilize the shoulder joint and facilitate arm movements. These tendons connect the humerus to the scapula, and any damage to them can lead to significant pain and functional impairment. Ligaments, such as those connecting the clavicle to the scapula, also play a crucial role in maintaining joint stability but are susceptible to stretching or tearing during traumatic events like MVAs.

References

Mechanisms of Shoulder Injury in MVAs

Shoulder injuries in MVAs typically result from the sudden and forceful movements experienced during a collision. Several mechanisms contribute to these injuries:

  1. Bracing Against the Steering Wheel: Drivers often instinctively brace themselves by pushing against the steering wheel during a crash, transmitting significant force to the shoulders. This action can overstretch or tear the rotator cuff tendons, especially in rear-end collisions (El Paso Chiropractor Blog, 2016).
  2. Seatbelt Restraint: While seatbelts are lifesaving, they can cause shoulder injuries if improperly positioned or if the impact force is excessive, leading to bruising, sprains, or fractures.
  3. Direct Impact: In side-impact or rollover accidents, the shoulder may strike the vehicle’s interior, such as the door or window, resulting in fractures or dislocations.
  4. Whiplash Effect: The rapid back-and-forth motion of the neck and upper body, commonly associated with whiplash, can strain shoulder muscles and ligaments, contributing to rotator cuff injuries.

These mechanisms highlight the shoulder’s vulnerability due to its complex structure and the intense forces involved in MVAs.

References


Chiropractic Care After Accidents and Injuries- Video


Common Shoulder Injuries from MVAs

Shoulder injuries from MVAs vary in severity, but the following are among the most common:

Injury TypeDescriptionSymptoms
Rotator Cuff TearsTears in one or more of the rotator cuff tendons, often due to overstretching or direct trauma. Common in rear-end collisions.Radiating pain, restricted mobility, inflammation, swelling, popping/clicking, weakness.
Shoulder Sprains/StrainsStretching or tearing of ligaments (sprains) or muscles (strains) around the shoulder joint.Pain, instability, weakness, swelling.
Fractures/DislocationsBreaks in the clavicle, scapula, or humerus, or dislocation of the shoulder joint due to impact.Severe pain, swelling, bruising, limited movement.
Brachial Plexus InjuriesDamage to the nerve network supplying the shoulder, arm, and hand, often from forceful impact.Numbness, weakness, burning pain, or paralysis in severe cases.

Research suggests that shoulder injuries occur in approximately 27.9% of polytraumatized patients involved in MVAs, with 68.5% of these injuries attributed to traffic accidents, particularly motorbike, bicycle, and pedestrian incidents (TraumaRegister DGU®, n.d.). Additionally, over 2 million Americans experience whiplash injuries annually, many of which involve shoulder pain due to associated muscle and ligament strain (Atlanta Advocate, 2024).

References

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Individuals with shoulder injuries from MVAs may experience a range of symptoms, including:

  • Pain: Often severe, especially with movement, and may radiate to the arm or upper back.
  • Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty lifting or rotating the arm.
  • Swelling or Bruising: Visible signs of trauma around the shoulder.
  • Weakness: Reduced strength in the arm, particularly with rotator cuff tears.
  • Numbness or Tingling: Indicative of nerve involvement, such as brachial plexus injuries.

Diagnosis involves a thorough clinical evaluation, including a detailed medical history and physical examination to assess pain, range of motion, and strength. Advanced imaging techniques, such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans, are often used to confirm the extent of damage. Dr. Alexander Jimenez, with his dual expertise as a chiropractor and a board-certified nurse practitioner, utilizes these diagnostic tools to identify shoulder injuries accurately. His approach integrates biomechanical assessments with medical diagnostics, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the injury’s scope (A4M, n.d.).

References

Treatment and Rehabilitation

Treatment for shoulder injuries from MVAs depends on the injury’s severity and type. Conservative approaches are often the first line of treatment and include:

  • Chiropractic Care: Spinal adjustments and soft tissue manipulations to restore alignment and reduce pain.
  • Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises to strengthen the rotator cuff, improve flexibility, and restore function.
  • Pain Management: Medications, acupuncture, or massage therapy to alleviate pain and inflammation.

For severe injuries, such as complete rotator cuff tears or complex fractures, surgical intervention may be necessary. Rehabilitation is critical, focusing on restoring strength and mobility and preventing chronic pain. Dr. Jimenez’s clinic emphasizes personalized rehabilitation plans, incorporating functional medicine to address underlying factors like inflammation or nutritional deficiencies (El Paso Back Clinic, 2025). Ligament injuries, common in shoulder trauma, heal through phases of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, but scar tissue may remain biomechanically inferior, necessitating careful rehabilitation to avoid long-term joint laxity.

References

Role of Chiropractic Care in Shoulder Injury Recovery

Chiropractic care is a cornerstone of recovery for MVA-related shoulder injuries. Dr. Jimenez employs hands-on techniques, including spinal and joint manipulations, to address misalignments and alleviate pain. These adjustments improve joint mobility, relieve pressure on nerves, and enhance healing. His integrative approach combines chiropractic care with physical therapy, acupuncture, and nutritional counseling to promote holistic recovery. For instance, chiropractic adjustments can help realign the shoulder joint, while targeted exercises strengthen the rotator cuff, preventing future injuries. Dr. Jimenez’s dual licensure enables him to bridge chiropractic and medical care, providing a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to each patient’s specific needs (A4M, n.d.).

References

Personal Injury Cases and Legal Aspects

In El Paso, Texas, personal injury cases related to MVAs are significant, as victims often seek compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Accurate documentation of injuries is crucial for these claims. Dr. Jimenez plays a pivotal role as a liaison between medical and legal services, providing detailed medical reports supported by advanced imaging and diagnostic evaluations. His expertise ensures that injuries are clinically linked to the accident, thereby strengthening legal claims. This dual role enhances patient care while supporting their pursuit of fair compensation (El Paso Back Clinic, 2025).

References

Conclusion

Shoulder injuries from motor vehicle accidents, particularly rotator cuff tears, are a significant concern due to the shoulder’s complex anatomy and the intense forces involved in collisions. Research suggests that these injuries are common, with traffic accidents accounting for a substantial portion of shoulder trauma in polytraumatized patients. Dr. Alexander Jimenez’s integrative approach, combining chiropractic care, advanced diagnostics, and personalized rehabilitation, offers a comprehensive recovery solution. His role in personal injury cases in El Paso underscores the importance of expert medical care in both healing and legal documentation. If you or a loved one has suffered a shoulder injury in an MVA, consulting a specialist like Dr. Jimenez can ensure optimal recovery and support for any legal claims.

Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.

References

Motor Vehicle Accidents and Recovery Strategies for Back Pain

Back pain from motor vehicle accidents can lead to long-term issues. Find essential insights on causes, treatments, and recovery tips.

Back Pain and Motor Vehicle Accidents: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction: The Unexpected Jolt of Back Pain

Imagine you’re driving down a sunny El Paso street, maybe humming along to your favorite song, when—crash!—another car rear-ends you. Your car’s got a dent, but your back? It feels like Herman Munster from The Munsters decided to give you an unwelcome bear hug. Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are more than just a hassle for your vehicle; they can leave you with back pain that lingers like an uninvited guest. With over 6 million car accidents reported annually in the U.S. (Healthline), back pain is a common aftermath, affecting up to 50% of people in low-speed crashes (PubMed).

This blog post dives into why back pain is so common after MVAs, exploring the clinical reasons, types of injuries, and symptoms you might face. We’ll also spotlight Dr. Alexander Jimenez, a leading chiropractor and nurse practitioner in El Paso, Texas, whose expertise helps accident victims recover while navigating the legal maze of personal injury cases. With a touch of humor to keep things light—because who doesn’t need a chuckle when dealing with back pain?—We’ll guide you through the science, treatment options, and why timely care matters. By the end, you’ll understand how to tackle back pain from MVAs and why professionals like Dr. Jimenez are crucial for recovery.

Section 1: Why MVAs Cause Back Pain

The Biomechanics of a Crash

When a car accident occurs, your body is subjected to sudden forces that can push it beyond its normal limits. Whether it’s a rear-end collision, a side-impact crash, or a head-on smash, these forces—acceleration, deceleration, or twisting—can wreak havoc on your spine. The lumbar spine, the lower part of your back, is especially vulnerable because it supports much of your body’s weight and is flexible enough to allow movement but not always strong enough to withstand a crash’s impact.

Research shows a strong link between MVAs and low back pain (LBP). A systematic review found that people involved in an MVA are 2.7 times more likely to develop future LBP, with 63% of chronic LBP cases in accident victims directly tied to the crash (ScienceDirect). This isn’t just a random ache; it’s the result of specific injuries caused by the unnatural movements your body endures during a collision.

Types of Collisions and Their Effects

  • Rear-End Collisions: These are the most common MVAs and often cause whiplash, where your head and neck snap forward and back. This motion can also cause the lumbar spine to jolt, leading to strains or disc injuries (Healthline).
  • Side-Impact Collisions: Known as T-bone crashes, these force your spine to bend sideways, which it’s not designed to do extensively, potentially causing ligament sprains or muscle tears.
  • Head-On Collisions: These high-impact crashes can compress the spine, leading to fractures or severe disc damage.

Common Injuries Leading to Back Pain

The spine is a complex structure of vertebrae, discs, ligaments, and muscles, all of which can be injured in an MVA. Here’s a breakdown of the most common culprits:

Injury TypeDescriptionSymptoms
Soft Tissue InjuriesStrains (muscle tears) or sprains (ligament tears) from overstretching.Pain, swelling, muscle spasms, stiffness, reduced mobility.
Lumbar FracturesBreaks in the vertebrae, often from high-impact crashes.Severe pain, worsening with movement, possible nerve issues (numbness, weakness).
Herniated DiscsDiscs bulge or rupture, pressing on nerves. 76.5% of pain clinic referrals involve disc issues (Healthline).Radiating pain, numbness, tingling, weakness in legs.
Whiplash-Associated DisordersNeck and upper back strain that can extend to the lower back.Pain, stiffness, reduced range of motion.

These injuries can cause immediate pain or take days to manifest due to inflammation or the body’s adrenaline response, which can mask initial discomfort (Healthline).

Section 2: How Injuries Lead to Lumbar Pain

The Lumbar Spine’s Vulnerability

The lumbar spine, made up of five vertebrae (L1-L5), is the workhorse of your back, supporting your upper body and allowing movements like bending and twisting. But in an MVA, it’s like asking Herman Munster to do a graceful pirouette—things can go wrong fast. The sudden forces can push the lumbar spine beyond its normal range, leading to injuries that cause pain and dysfunction.

Specific Injury Mechanisms

  • Muscle Strains: The erector spinae muscles, which run along your spine, can tear when stretched too far, causing sharp pain and spasms. Think of it like overstretching a rubber band—it snaps or weakens.
  • Ligament Sprains: Ligaments, such as the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, which connect vertebrae, can overstretch or tear, leading to instability and pain. Research shows that injured ligaments heal with scar tissue that’s 50% weaker than normal, increasing the risk of chronic issues (ScienceDirect).
  • Disc Injuries: Intervertebral discs act as cushions between vertebrae. A crash can compress or shear them, causing bulges or herniations that press on nerves, leading to sciatica or radiating pain.
  • Fractures: Compression fractures, where a vertebra collapses, are less common but serious, often requiring imaging to confirm the diagnosis (PubMed).

Symptoms of Lumbar Injuries

Lumbar injuries can lead to a range of symptoms, including:

  • Localized Pain: A dull ache or sharp pain in the lower back.
  • Radiating Pain: Pain shooting down the buttocks or legs, often due to nerve compression (sciatica).
  • Stiffness: Difficulty bending or twisting.
  • Neurological Symptoms: Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs, indicating nerve involvement.
  • Muscle Spasms: Involuntary contractions that can be painful and limit movement.

If these symptoms persist or worsen, they can signal serious issues like nerve damage or spinal instability, making early medical evaluation critical.

Section 3: The Link Between Back Pain and Auto Injuries

Prevalence and Impact

From 2016 to 2020, the U.S. saw an average of 6.4 million MVAs annually, many resulting in back injuries (Healthline). Soft tissue injuries are the most common, being over 10 times more frequent than other lumbar injuries. However, more severe injuries like herniated discs or fractures can have lasting effects, with 33% of MVA victims still experiencing pain a year later (ScienceDirect).

Why Symptoms May Be Delayed

You might walk away from a crash feeling fine, only to wake up a few days later with back pain that rivals Herman Munster’s stiff gait. This delay often happens because:

  • Adrenaline: The body’s “fight or flight” response can mask pain initially (Healthline).
  • Inflammation: Swelling and tissue damage accumulate over time, leading to pain that may emerge later.
  • Pre-existing Conditions: An MVA can exacerbate existing issues, such as bulging discs, making them symptomatic.

When to Seek Help

If you experience any of the following after an MVA, see a doctor immediately:

  • Pain that worsens over time
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs
  • Difficulty with bowel or bladder control
  • Severe pain that limits movement

Prompt care can prevent chronic pain and ensure proper diagnosis through imaging or neurological exams (NJ Pain Care Specialists).


The Non-Surgical Approach To Wellness With Chiropractic Care- Video


Section 4: Dr. Alexander Jimenez’s Clinical Insights

A Leader in MVA Care

Dr. Alexander Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC, is a cornerstone of MVA injury treatment in El Paso, Texas. With over 25 years of experience, he combines chiropractic expertise with his role as a board-certified family nurse practitioner to offer holistic care (El Paso Back Clinic). His clinic, ChiroMed – Integrated Medicine, focuses on conditions like back pain, sciatica, and herniated discs, often caused by MVAs (A4M).

Diagnostic Approach

Dr. Jimenez uses advanced tools to pinpoint the cause of back pain:

  • Imaging: X-rays and MRIs to detect spinal misalignments, disc herniations, or fractures.
  • Neurological Evaluations: To assess nerve damage, such as radiculopathy, which causes radiating pain or numbness.
  • Functional Assessments: To evaluate mobility and strength, guiding personalized treatment plans.

Treatment Protocols

His integrative approach includes:

  • Chiropractic Adjustments: To correct spinal misalignments and relieve nerve pressure.
  • Physical Therapy: Exercises and modalities, such as ultrasound or electrical stimulation, are used to reduce pain and improve function.
  • Nutritional Counseling: To address inflammation and support healing, reducing reliance on medications.
  • Rehabilitation Programs: Tailored to restore strength and prevent chronic pain (Chiropractic Scientist).

Case Study Example

Consider a patient who experienced a rear-end collision and developed lower back pain a week later. Dr. Jimenez’s team used an MRI to identify a herniated disc at L4-L5, causing sciatica. Through a combination of chiropractic adjustments, targeted physical therapy, and nutritional guidance, the patient regained mobility and reduced pain within three months, avoiding surgery (El Paso Back Clinic).

Section 5: Personal Injury Cases in El Paso

The Role of Medical Documentation

In El Paso, personal injury cases often hinge on proving that an MVA caused your injuries. Dr. Jimenez excels in providing detailed medical reports that link symptoms to the accident, crucial for insurance claims and legal proceedings (El Paso Back Clinic). His documentation includes:

  • Diagnostic findings from imaging and exams
  • Treatment plans and progress notes
  • Prognosis for recovery and potential long-term effects

This thoroughness enables attorneys to build strong cases, ensuring that victims receive compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering.

Dr. Jimenez as a Liaison

Dr. Jimenez’s dual expertise as a chiropractor and nurse practitioner makes him a unique asset. He collaborates with top automobile injury lawyers in El Paso, ensuring that medical and legal strategies align (El Paso Back Clinic). His ability to translate complex medical findings into clear documentation bridges the gap between healthcare and the courtroom, making him a trusted advocate for MVA victims.

Why El Paso Matters

El Paso’s busy roads and proximity to major highways make MVAs a significant issue. With over 40% of spinal injuries annually linked to auto accidents, the need for specialized care is clear (DrAlexJimenez). Dr. Jimenez’s clinic is a go-to resource, offering comprehensive care that addresses both immediate pain and long-term health.

Section 6: A Light-Hearted Perspective

Dealing with back pain after an MVA can feel like Herman Munster trying to squeeze into a sports car—awkward and uncomfortable. But humor aside, the pain is real, and the road to recovery can be a long and arduous process. Dr. Jimenez’s approach is like giving Herman a custom-made chair: tailored, supportive, and designed to get you back to your old self. Whether it’s a gentle chiropractic adjustment or a full rehab program, his goal is to make sure you’re not stuck lumbering around like a Munster forever.

Conclusion: A Serious Note

Back pain from motor vehicle accidents is a serious issue that demands prompt attention. The clinical evidence shows that MVAs significantly increase the risk of low back pain, often due to soft tissue injuries, disc herniations, or fractures. Dr. Alexander Jimenez’s expertise in El Paso provides a lifeline for victims, offering advanced diagnostics, integrative treatments, and critical support for personal injury cases. If you’ve been in an accident, don’t wait—seek medical care to prevent chronic pain and ensure proper documentation for any legal needs.

Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition.

Key Citations

Scaphoid Fracture Causes and Recovery Insights

Individuals who have fractured their scaphoid bone may experience pain and swelling in the wrist just below the thumb. Can immobilization with a cast and physical therapy help?

human hand and wrist pain

Scaphoid Fracture

A scaphoid fracture is a break in one of the wrist’s small or carpal bones. This type of fracture occurs most often after a fall onto an outstretched hand. Symptoms typically include swelling and pain in the wrist just below the base of the thumb. These fractures can be difficult to diagnose since they don’t always appear on an X-ray. If the X-ray is negative and the healthcare provider suspects a scaphoid fracture, an MRI may be necessary. Surgery may be required in more severe cases or when the injury is not healing correctly. (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2023)

A Break In The – Navicular Bone

The scaphoid is one of eight carpal bones in the wrist. It is located just below the thumb’s base and is shaped like a kidney bean. This bone can be identified by holding a thumbs-up position and feeling for the hollow between the two tendons below your thumb. The scaphoid is located at the base of the hollow. A break in the scaphoid bone most commonly occurs in the middle of the bone but can also happen at either end. A scaphoid fracture can be displaced or non-displaced (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2023)

Displaced Fracture

  • It is when the bone fragments have moved out of alignment.

Non-displaced Fracture

  • It is when the fragments are still in their normal location in the hand.

The scaphoid’s blood supply comes from a small vessel that enters the most distant part of the bone and flows back through the bone. Because of this one small blood supply, a fracture in the center can stop the circulation to the proximal portion of the bone. Because of this, scaphoid fractures need immediate diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms

Pain or deep aching on the thumb-side of the wrist, typically after a fall on an outstretched arm, could be a scaphoid fracture. Other symptoms experienced include: (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2023)

  • Tenderness at the base of the hollow area.
  • Pain at the base of the hollow area.
  • Swelling in the wrist
  • Difficulty gripping objects

Pain can become worse from: (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2023)

  • Grasping
  • Pulling
  • Pushing
  • Pinching

Diagnosis

A healthcare provider will evaluate the hand for tenderness and pain in the hollow and/or the bone. If a break is suspected, they will order an X-ray. (Clementson M., Björkman A., & Thomsen N. O. B. 2020) Many patients are diagnosed with a wrist sprain when they have a fracture. Diagnosis can be difficult because the fracture often doesn’t appear on X-rays until weeks after the healing process starts. Physicians commonly treat a wrist injury as a scaphoid fracture initially and then repeat X-rays within two weeks. (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2023) If the injury doesn’t show on an X-ray, the provider may order an MRI, as these fractures can be easier to see on an MRI. An MRI can help ensure appropriate treatment immediately. (Wong S. B. S., & Peh W. C. G. 2019)

Treatment

If a wrist fracture is diagnosed, the wrist will be immobilized in a cast. However, a healthcare provider may also put the wrist in a cast if the X-ray is negative but they suspect a fracture. This will stabilize the injury until an MRI can be performed. With immobilization and follow-up treatment, scaphoid fractures often heal without surgery. Repeat X-rays are taken over several weeks or months so the provider can make sure the injury is healing correctly. If it is not healing correctly, surgery may be recommended. (Clementson M., Björkman A., & Thomsen N. O. B. 2020) If the fracture is displaced, healing correctly may be a challenge. In this case, a physician may recommend initial surgery to reposition the bones. (Clementson M., Björkman A., & Thomsen N. O. B. 2020) This type of surgery involves pinning the bone in place with screws.

Healing Time

Recovery

With the wrist in a cast, individuals will be instructed on activities to avoid placing even a small amount of strain (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2023)

  • Lifting
  • Pushing
  • Pulling objects that weigh more than one pound.
  • Sports activities
  • Throwing
  • Climbing
  • Using tools or machinery that vibrate.

Rehabilitation is an important part of healing because immobilization takes a long time. Wrist range-of-motion exercises can be started, followed by strengthening exercises for the wrist flexors and extensors. Supination, pronation, and grip exercises are also part of physical therapy.

Complications

Scaphoid fractures can lead to serious complications, especially when not properly treated. These include: (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2023) (Almigdad A. et al., 2024)

Nonunion

  • This describes a fracture that fails to heal.

Carpal Collapse

  • This is a form of degenerative arthritis.

Osteoarthritis

  • This condition causes degeneration of the cartilage in the joint.

Avascular Necrosis

  • This is when the blood supply to the bone is reduced or cut off, causing the bone to die.

Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic

Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to build optimal health and wellness solutions. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, prevent injury, and mitigate issues through adjustments that help the body realign itself. The clinic can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal problems.


Skateboarding Injury Treatment


References

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2023). Scaphoid fracture of the wrist. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/scaphoid-fracture-of-the-wrist

Clementson, M., Björkman, A., & Thomsen, N. O. B. (2020). Acute scaphoid fractures: guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. EFORT open reviews, 5(2), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.5.190025

Wong, S. B. S., & Peh, W. C. G. (2019). The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of scaphoid fractures. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences, 66(1), 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.316

Almigdad, A., Al-Zoubi, A., Mustafa, A., Al-Qasaimeh, M., Azzam, E., Mestarihi, S., Khair, Y., & Almanasier, G. (2024). A review of scaphoid fracture, treatment outcomes, and consequences. International orthopaedics, 48(2), 529–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-023-06014-2