Can postural assessments help identify problems with how a person stands or sits, which can lead to various musculoskeletal issues?
Postural Assessment
Proper posture is an exercise in which the muscles support the skeleton in a comfortable, stable, and efficient alignment. Healthy posture is present when the body is still and when moving. However, numerous factors can affect and hinder posture. These include daily wear and tear, injury, illness, or a condition. A posture assessment is a process that identifies posture issues and their root causes, often using visual and palpation techniques, and can help determine appropriate treatment or exercises. (Science Direct, 2007)
Visual Assessment
Observing the body’s alignment and symmetry from different angles (anterior, posterior, and lateral views).
Consider their daily activities, work environment, and any previous injuries. (Du, S. H. et al., 2023)
Wall Test
The patient stands against a wall with their feet shoulder-width apart and heels about 6 inches from the baseboard.
If they have good posture, their ears will be vertically aligned with their shoulders, and their head will be no more than three finger widths from the wall. (Physiopedia, 2025)
Professionals Who Can Perform a Posture Assessment
Physiotherapists
Professionals trained in assessing and treating musculoskeletal problems.
Chiropractors
Professionals who focus on the spine and nervous system.
Fitness Professionals
Personal trainers or other fitness professionals can use posture assessments to help clients improve their posture and movement.
Ergonomists
Professionals who specialize in designing workspaces and environments to promote good posture and reduce strain.
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
Talk to a healthcare provider to learn what interventions would help the most. Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.
Singla, D., & Veqar, Z. (2014). Methods of postural assessment used for sports persons. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 8(4), LE01–LE4. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/6836.4266
Du, S. H., Zhang, Y. H., Yang, Q. H., Wang, Y. C., Fang, Y., & Wang, X. Q. (2023). Spinal posture assessment and low back pain. EFORT open reviews, 8(9), 708–718. https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-23-0025
For individuals with lower back pain when walking, could they have injured a muscle or have an underlying condition affecting the joints, ligaments, or nerves?
Back Pain When Walking
Lower back pain when walking can occur for a variety of reasons. It can result from poor posture, injuries, muscle fatigue, or an underlying condition. Specific injuries, like muscle strains, can affect the ligaments in the spine and cause pain. Muscles that have not been used often can result in fatigue and pain. Specific health conditions, such as degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, herniated discs, sciatica, or even sacroiliac joint dysfunction, can cause lower back pain. Factors like overexertion or improper gait can exacerbate it.
Muscle Issues
Muscle strains, ligament sprains, or fatigue can cause lower back pain when walking. Pain can occur after walking or come on gradually from wear and tear without an apparent cause, as follows (American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2024)
Strains
Occur when the fibers in the back are overstretched or torn.
Pain from muscle strains is usually worse during activity and better when resting.
Sprains
It occurs when the ligaments that connect bone to bone become detached.
If the muscles do not adequately support the spine, the spinal joints absorb more pressure, which can lead to injury to the spinal ligaments.
Fatigue
It can happen from overexertion and lead to lower back pain when walking.
It could occur when walking longer than the body is used to, on uneven surfaces that make the muscles work harder to help maintain balance, or climbing hills that cause you to lean forward while walking.
Degenerative Disc Disease
Between each vertebra is a disc that provides cushioning between the bones.
As the disc wears down, surrounding muscles, ligaments, joints, and nerves in the spine absorb more pressure, causing damage.
Degenerative disc disease is a wear-and-tear condition that becomes more common as individuals age and is a common cause of lower back pain.
Healthcare providers recommend walking as a low-impact activity for individuals with the disease. However, if the condition is more severe, individuals could experience pain from this exercise, especially when walking on hard surfaces. (Hospital for Special Surgery, 2024)
Sciatica
Sciatica pain occurs when a nerve exiting the spine in the lower back becomes compressed or pinched. It is a common symptom of a herniated disc, in which a disc moves out of place and puts pressure on nearby nerves. In addition to lower back pain, sciatica can cause pain in the hip, the back of the thigh, and down the leg. Sciatica can also cause: (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2021)
Numbness
Tingling
Muscle cramps
Leg muscle weakness
Healthcare providers often recommend walking as a safe form of physical activity for individuals with sciatica. However, individuals should avoid twisting or bending forward. (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2021) To decrease pain, avoid walking on uneven surfaces or uphill.
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis is a wear-and-tear condition that often affects the lumbar spine/five vertebrae in the lower back.
It causes the space surrounding the spinal cord to narrow.
Lumbar spinal stenosis typically causes pain when standing upright, including when walking.
Many with this condition find that leaning slightly forward helps to reduce the pain by opening up the compressed areas.
Hyperlordosis
Lordosis describes the normal curve in the spine in the lower back. However, when this curve is exaggerated, it causes hyperlordosis or swayback. (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2020) Hyperlordosis affects the range of motion, putting abnormal pressure on the muscles, ligaments, and joints. It also reduces the spine’s ability to absorb shock correctly when walking, leading to pain. (Cedars-Sinai, 2025)
Prevention Strategies
Individuals can take steps to reduce their risk of lower back pain when walking, even if they’ve been diagnosed with a condition that can potentially cause this symptom. Walking can decrease chronic low back pain for some. (Suh J. H. et al., 2019) As with any new exercise program, check with a healthcare provider to ensure that walking for exercise is appropriate for the injury, condition, or disease and is safe. Recommended tips: (Harvard Health Publishing, 2015)
Wear shoes made for walking.
Perform gentle lower back stretches before walking.
Start slowly by walking for a few minutes, then gradually increase the time.
Walk on a smooth surface, such as a sidewalk or athletic track, or indoors, such as in a shopping center or mall.
Warm up and cool down by walking slowly at the beginning and end of the walk.
This allows the back and leg muscles to warm up before exercise and recover afterward.
Walk at a slow to moderate pace/speed that allows one to converse.
Standing up straight while walking or standing upright reduces pressure on the lower back.
Alternative Exercise
If there is still back pain when walking, it might not be an appropriate exercise for the individual and/or how their condition presents symptoms. Alternate activities can include: (Hospital for Special Surgery, 2023)
Elliptical Trainer
This exercise keeps the feet in contact with the pedals, putting less shock-absorbing pressure on the spine than walking.
Recumbent Biking
will keep the back upright, which is recommended if there is more pain when bending forward.
Upright Stationary Biking
This is recommended if the back pain improves when bending forward.
Walking In A Pool
This activity provides benefits while reducing pressure on the spine.
To target different muscles, try walking laps in waist-deep water in multiple directions (forward, backward, and side to side).
Water Aerobics
This activity provides cardiovascular health benefits with decreased pressure on the back.
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
See a physical therapist for a personalized exercise program to reduce back pain and appropriate for your condition. Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.
Beyond Adjustments: Chiropractic and Integrative Healthcare
References
American Association of Neurological Surgeons. (2024). Low back strain and sprain. https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/low-back-strain-and-sprain/
Hospital for Special Surgery. (2024). Degenerative disc disease. https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_degenerative-disc-disease.asp
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2021). Sciatica. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/sciatica
American Academy of Orthpaedic Surgeons. (2021). Lumbar spinal stenosis. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/lumbar-spinal-stenosis/
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2020). Spine basics. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/spine-basics/
Suh, J. H., Kim, H., Jung, G. P., Ko, J. Y., & Ryu, J. S. (2019). The effect of lumbar stabilization and walking exercises on chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine, 98(26), e16173. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016173
Harvard Health Publishing. (2015). 5 tips for getting started with a walking program. https://www.health.harvard.edu/exercise-and-fitness/get-started
Hospital for Special Surgery. (2023). Best types of exercise for back pain. https://www.hss.edu/article_best-exercise-lower-back-pain.asp
Are there benefits to back cracking, risks, and how can it be done safely?
Back Cracking
Back cracking is intentionally applying pressure or twisting movements, producing a popping or cracking sound in the spine. Back cracking involves stretching or extending the spine. In most cases, it is considered safe when done gently as it can provide temporary relief from back pain and stiffness by:
Stretching the ligaments and muscles around the spine
Releasing gas bubbles that may be causing pressure
Improving joint mobility
Mechanism of Action
Cracking your back creates small gas bubbles in the synovial fluid (the lubricating fluid in the joints).
These bubbles form when the pressure in the joints is suddenly released, causing a popping or cracking sound.
It is generally safe, but there are certain conditions under which individuals should avoid cracking their backs.
Popping Sound
Research has used a new type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cine MRI, to study the noise source. Cine MRI produces moving images.
This study using this MRI found that the formation of bubbles makes a popping sound.
The popping sound does not come from the popping of bubbles in the synovial fluid, as previously believed. (Kawchuk G. N. et al., 2015)
When someone cracks their back, the force pulls the bones of the joint apart, causing the pressure within the joint to drop and form a bubble, which eventually dissipates. (Kawchuk G. N. et al., 2015)
Crepitus
Crepitus is the medical term for cracking or popping noise from joints.
It is not a condition or disease but can be a symptom of one.
Other terms include clicking or crunching.
Is It Safe To Perform Daily?
Back cracking once a day is generally considered safe. But if it causes pain or swelling, then stop and contact a healthcare provider. If someone feels the need to crack their back more throughout the day, it could be a sign that they need to see a professional chiropractic healthcare provider. (AICA Orthopedics, 2022) Individuals may crack their backs to address certain conditions or to relieve various discomfort symptoms that can include: (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 2025)
Headache
Neck pain
Lower back pain
Sciatica
Individuals may often experience mild side effects like headache, stiffness, or pain. These side effects tend to resolve within a day. Though back cracking can provide temporary relief for some conditions, some serious side effects like neurological problems or strokes have been reported. (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 2025)
Rotate the upper body to the right side and press against the right knee with the left elbow.
Hold the stretch for 30 seconds and come back to the center.
Repeat on the other side.
Knee to Chest
Lie flat on the ground.
Lift one leg and bring the knee to the chest, pulling the knee in with your hands.
Hold for five seconds.
Repeat with the other leg.
Several back-cracking assistive devices, such as poles and wheels, are available. Talk to a healthcare provider to determine the right type and ensure it is safe for you and your condition or injury.
Individuals Who Should Avoid Back Cracking
Back cracking can cause additional stress or damage to the joints in those with back injuries or other conditions. Individuals with these conditions should avoid back cracking (AICA Orthopedics, 2022)
Numbness or tingling of the arms or legs.
Osteoporosis
Spinal cancer
Spinal abnormalities
Individuals who have a high stroke risk.
A Professional Back Adjustment
A chiropractor is a healthcare provider who specializes in spine and spinal adjustments. They adjust the spine and other areas of the body to correct misalignment problems, reduce and relieve pain, and allow the body to recover independently. (National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus, 2023) The chiropractor will take a health history to learn about previous injuries and conditions. Then, they will evaluate the patient and determine the best course of action. Although a chiropractor performs spinal adjustments, they may also incorporate other treatments, including: (National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus, 2023)
Stretching
Non-surgical decompression and traction
Acupuncture
Muscle Energy Technique (MET)
Exercise routines
Heat
Ice
Electrical stimulation
Dietary supplements
Nutrition and lifestyle counseling
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal issues.
Chiropractic Secrets
References
Kawchuk, G. N., Fryer, J., Jaremko, J. L., Zeng, H., Rowe, L., & Thompson, R. (2015). Real-time visualization of joint cavitation. PloS one, 10(4), e0119470. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119470
AICA Orthopedics. (2022). Is cracking your back bad? https://aica.com/is-cracking-your-back-bad/
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2025). Spinal manipulation: what you need to know. Retrieved from https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/spinal-manipulation-what-you-need-to-know
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. (2022). Spine conditioning program. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/recovery/spine-conditioning-program/
National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus. (2023). Chiropractic. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html
Discover effective treatment approaches for kyphosis, its causes and symptoms while enhancing your posture today.
Introduction
How often do you catch yourself slouching after hours at a desk or scrolling through your phone? Do you experience persistent neck strain, shoulder tightness, or upper back discomfort? While many people recognize poor posture as an annoyance, few realize that long-term postural dysfunction can contribute to kyphosis—a spinal condition characterized by excessive forward curvature of the thoracic spine.
As a nurse practitioner with 20 years of experience in physical medicine and musculoskeletal health, I have seen firsthand how kyphosis affects both young and older adults, often leading to pain, mobility limitations, and even systemic complications. With a background that includes chiropractic care integration, I emphasize a multidisciplinary approach to kyphosis treatment, focusing on conservative therapies that address spinal alignment, muscle strength, and postural control.
This article explores the environmental causes of kyphosis, its impact on the musculoskeletal system, and evidence-based treatment strategies, including chiropractic adjustments, physical therapy, and postural rehabilitation.
What is Kyphosis? Understanding the Spinal Deformity
Kyphosis refers to an excessive anterior curvature of the thoracic spine, exceeding 40 degrees. While a mild thoracic curve is normal, excessive kyphosis can lead to visible postural changes, musculoskeletal pain, and even respiratory or gastrointestinal complications in severe cases.
Types of Kyphosis
There are several classifications of kyphosis, each with distinct causes:
Postural Kyphosis: The most common type, usually seen in adolescents and office workers, resulting from prolonged slouching and weak spinal musculature.
Scheuermann’s Kyphosis: A more rigid spinal deformity due to wedge-shaped vertebrae, typically diagnosed in teenagers.
Osteoporotic Kyphosis: Common in older adults due to vertebral compression fractures from osteoporosis.
Congenital Kyphosis: A rare condition present from birth due to abnormal vertebral development.
If left untreated, kyphosis can progressively worsen, leading to significant postural, neurological, and functional impairments.
Environmental Factors Contributing to Kyphosis
While genetic predisposition plays a role in kyphosis development, environmental and lifestyle factors significantly contribute to the condition. Understanding these risk factors can help with prevention and early intervention.
1. Poor Posture & Prolonged Sedentary Behavior
Chronic slouching, improper ergonomics, and excessive screen time encourage adaptive shortening of the anterior muscles (pectorals and upper abdominals) while weakening the posterior chain (erector spinae and scapular stabilizers). This imbalance reinforces thoracic kyphosis over time.
2. Sedentary Lifestyle & Weak Core Stability
A lack of functional movement and spinal stabilization exercises leads to postural instability, increasing the likelihood of kyphotic progression. A weak core and underactive back extensors contribute to poor spinal support, leading to excessive forward bending of the thoracic spine.
3. Heavy Backpacks & Improper Lifting Mechanics
In children and adolescents, carrying overweight backpacks can accelerate kyphotic posture by exerting excessive downward pressure on the spine. Similarly, incorrect lifting mechanics in adults (e.g., repetitive forward bending with poor lumbar support) increase spinal stress, contributing to degenerative kyphosis.
4. Osteoporosis & Age-Related Bone Loss
Older adults, particularly postmenopausal women, are at a higher risk of developing osteoporotic kyphosis due to decreased bone density. Compression fractures in the thoracic vertebrae can lead to irreversible spinal deformity, making early bone health management critical.
5. Spinal Injuries & Degenerative Disc Disease
Trauma, herniated discs, and chronic spinal degeneration can disrupt normal vertebral alignment, leading to structural kyphosis. Degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs contribute to spinal instability, loss of disc height, and increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine.
Symptoms & Effects of Kyphosis on the Musculoskeletal System
Kyphosis not only alters spinal alignment but also leads to cascading effects throughout the musculoskeletal system. Depending on severity, symptoms may range from mild discomfort to functional disability.
Common Symptoms of Kyphosis
–Upper Back Pain & Stiffness: Chronic discomfort, particularly between the shoulder blades and mid-thoracic region. –Limited Mobility & Flexibility: A rigid thoracic spine reduces spinal extension, affecting overall movement. –Neck & Shoulder Tension: Forward head posture and rounded shoulders cause excessive strain on the cervical spine, leading to cervicogenic headaches and referred pain. –Muscle Fatigue & Weakness: Over time, kyphotic posture weakens the paraspinal muscles, reducing spinal endurance. –Breathing & Digestive Issues: Severe kyphosis can compress the thoracic cavity, leading to restricted lung expansion and impaired digestion.
Neuromuscular Impact of Kyphosis
Cervical Involvement: Increased kyphotic curvature forces cervical hyperextension, straining the posterior neck muscles and contributing to occipital headaches, vertigo, and TMJ dysfunction.
Thoracic & Lumbar Impact: Kyphosis can trigger compensatory hyperlordosis in the lumbar spine, increasing stress on the lower back and contributing to disc degeneration and sciatic symptoms.
Biomechanical Dysfunction:Altered gait mechanics, hip instability, and reduced balance have been observed in patients with significant kyphotic curvature (Lorbergs et al., 2017).
Understanding Long-Lasting Injuries- Video
Effective Treatment Approaches for Kyphosis
1. Chiropractic Care for Kyphosis Management
Chiropractic therapy is one of the most effective non-invasive treatments for managing kyphosis-related pain and improving spinal alignment. Research has shown that chiropractic spinal manipulation can improve mobility, reduce pain, and enhance postural stability (Norton et al., 2022).
Key Benefits of Chiropractic Adjustments:
1Spinal Realignment: Chiropractic adjustments restore normal vertebral positioning and reduce excessive thoracic curvature. –Improved Postural Control: Chiropractic care strengthens postural awareness, spinal mobility, and core stability. –Reduced Muscle Tension & Nerve Compression: Manual therapy alleviates trigger points, myofascial restrictions, and nerve impingements contributing to kyphotic discomfort. –Enhanced Flexibility & Range of Motion: Stretching techniques combined with spinal mobilization restore thoracic extension and shoulder mobility.
2. Physical Therapy & Postural Rehabilitation
Physical therapy plays a crucial role in strengthening the posterior chain, improving spinal stability, and reinforcing proper movement mechanics.
In adolescents with Scheuermann’s kyphosis, bracing can help prevent worsening curvature during growth phases.
4. Postural Ergonomics & Lifestyle Modifications
– Ergonomic Workstations:Maintaining neutral spine alignment while sitting reduces kyphotic strain. – Daily Mobility Exercises:Incorporating yoga, Pilates, or spinal decompression exercises can improve flexibility. – Weight Management & Bone Health Optimization:Vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and weight-bearing exercises support spinal integrity.
Final Thoughts: Addressing Kyphosis Proactively
Kyphosis is a progressive condition that requires early intervention and a multidisciplinary treatment approach. By combining chiropractic adjustments, targeted physical therapy, and ergonomic modifications, patients can significantly reduce pain, improve posture, and enhance spinal function.
Injury Medical Chiropractic & Functional Medicine Clinic
We associate with certified medical providers who implement the importance of the causes and symptoms of kyphosis. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to integrate small changes into their daily routine to reduce the effects of kyphosis from affecting the cervical and thoracic areas. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.
References
Fortner, M. O., Oakley, P. A., & Harrison, D. E. (2017). Treating ‘slouchy’ (hyperkyphosis) posture with chiropractic biophysics((R)): a case report utilizing a multimodal mirror image((R)) rehabilitation program. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 29(8), 1475-1480. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.1475
Jenkins, H. J., Downie, A. S., Fernandez, M., & Hancock, M. J. (2021). Decreasing thoracic hyperkyphosis – Which treatments are most effective? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract, 56, 102438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102438
Lorbergs, A. L., Murabito, J. M., Jarraya, M., Guermazi, A., Allaire, B. T., Yang, L., Kiel, D. P., Cupples, L. A., Bouxsein, M. L., Travison, T. G., & Samelson, E. J. (2017). Thoracic Kyphosis and Physical Function: The Framingham Study. J Am Geriatr Soc, 65(10), 2257-2264. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15038
Norton, T. C., Oakley, P. A., & Harrison, D. E. (2022). Improving the cervical lordosis relieves neck pain and chronic headaches in a pediatric: a Chiropractic Biophysics((R)) (CBP((R))) case report with a 17-month follow-up. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 34(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.34.71
Oakley, P. A., Gage, W. H., Harrison, D. E., & Mochizuki, G. (2024). Non-surgical reduction in thoracolumbar kyphosis and sagittal vertical axis corresponding with improved sensorimotor control in an older adult with spinal deformity: a Chiropractic Biophysics((R)) case report. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 36(11), 756-764. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.36.756
Ogura, Y., Dimar, J. R., Djurasovic, M., & Carreon, L. Y. (2021). Etiology and treatment of cervical kyphosis: state of the art review-a narrative review. J Spine Surg, 7(3), 422-433. https://doi.org/10.21037/jss-21-54
Cauda equina syndrome/CES is a rare condition in which the nerves in the lower back are compressed. It can include sciatica as one of its symptoms. Individuals presenting with symptoms that could be CES are advised to see a healthcare provider as soon as possible, as delaying treatment can lead to permanent damage.
Cauda Equina Syndrome
A cluster of nerve roots called the cauda equina, Latin for horse’s tail, sends and receives messages to the legs, bladder, and other body parts. Cauda equina syndrome is a rare condition in which nerve roots in the lower spinal cord are compressed. This compresses the nerves and disrupts motor and sensory function in the bladder and lower extremities. The most common cause is a ruptured or herniated disc in the lumbar area. This usually occurs when a severe disc herniation compresses the nerve bundle at the base of the spinal cord, causing significant neurological dysfunction like bladder/bowel issues and numbness in the saddle area. If found early, it is treated with surgery within 24 to 48 hours of symptom onset.
This is characterized by symptoms that include unusual urinary sensation, loss of desire to urinate, poor urinary stream, and having to strain to urinate. (Gardner A., Gardner E., & Morley T. 2011)
Pott’s paralysis is a neurological complication of tuberculosis (TB) of the spine.
TB is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs but can spread to the spine.
Iatrogenic Side Effects
Injuries or illnesses that result from medical or surgical treatment
Spinal Lesions or Malignant Tumors
A spinal lesion refers to any abnormal growth or damage within the spine.
It can include benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumors.
A malignant tumor is a cancerous growth within the spine; essentially, a malignant tumor is a type of spinal lesion with the potential to spread to other parts of the body.
Spinal Infection, Inflammation, Hemorrhage, or Fracture
A spinal infection refers to a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection that occurs within the bones of the spine (vertebrae) or the surrounding tissues, potentially causing pain, inflammation, and, in severe cases, neurological complications like weakness or paralysis;
Spinal inflammation is a general term for swelling or irritation within the spinal column.
Spinal hemorrhage” indicates bleeding within the spinal canal.
A spinal fracture refers to a break in one or more of the vertebrae in the spine.
Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
A spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare condition in which the arteries and veins in the spinal cord tangle abnormally.
This can damage the spinal cord over time.
Complications from Lumbar Surgery
Lumbar surgery can have several complications, including infections, blood clots, nerve damage, and spinal fluid leaks.
Spinal Anesthesia
Spinal anesthesia is a regional anesthesia that blocks pain and sensation in the lower body.
It involves injecting a local anesthetic medication into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord.
The exact cause is not fully understood, but it can involve direct nerve root injury from the needle, inflammation caused by the anesthetic, or a spinal hematoma compressing the nerve roots.
Infection of the tissues (meninges) that cover the cauda equina and spinal cord.
An abscess pressing on the cauda equina.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis requires a medical history of symptoms, general health, activity level, and a physical exam to assess strength, reflexes, sensation, stability, alignment, and motion. (American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2024) Testing includes:
Blood Tests
These test for infections.
MRI
These yield three-dimensional images of the spinal cord, nerve roots, and surrounding areas.
Myelography
X-ray or computerized tomography (CT) imaging is enhanced by the injection of contrast material into the cerebrospinal fluid spaces, which can show displacement of the spinal cord or spinal nerves.
Specialized Nerve Testing
This could be nerve conduction velocity tests and testing electrical activity in muscles or electromyography.
Treatment
The extent of urinary problems can determine treatment protocols. A CES diagnosis is usually followed by emergency surgery within 24 to 48 hours to relieve compression of the nerves. Moving quickly is essential to prevent permanent complications such as nerve damage, incontinence, or leg paralysis. (American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2024)
Depending on the cause, corticosteroids also may be prescribed to reduce swelling.
Antibiotics may be needed if an infection is responsible for CES.
For situations in which a tumor is the cause, surgery to remove it may be necessary, followed by chemotherapy and/or radiation.
The outcome with CES-I during surgery is generally favorable.
Those whose CES has deteriorated to CES-R tend to have a less favorable prognosis.
Post Surgery Therapy
After surgery, CES can be challenging to deal with. If bladder function has been impaired, recovery of control can take time.
Frequent urinary infections are also a potential complication.
Loss of bladder or bowel control can be psychologically distressing, impacting social life, work, and relationships.
Sexual dysfunction can also occur, contributing to relationship difficulties or depression.
Therapy with a mental health professional may be recommended. When damage is permanent, it will be important to include family and friends in the adjustment to living with a chronic condition. Psychological counseling and/or a support group can be helpful. Other specialists who can help include: (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2024)
Occupational therapist
Physical therapist
Physiotherapist
Sex therapist
Social worker
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to build optimal health and wellness solutions. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, prevent injury, and mitigate issues through adjustments that help the body realign itself. The clinic can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal problems.
Disc Herniation
References
American Association of Neurological Surgeons. (2024). Cauda Equina Syndrome. https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/cauda-equina-syndrome/
Gardner, A., Gardner, E., & Morley, T. (2011). Cauda equina syndrome: a review of the current clinical and medico-legal position. European Spine Journal: official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 20(5), 690–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-010-1668-3
Fairbank, J., & Mallen, C. (2014). Cauda equina syndrome: implications for primary care. The British journal of general practice: the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 64(619), 67–68. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp14X676988
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2024). Cauda equina syndrome. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/cauda-equina-syndrome
Could incorporating standing lumbar flexion exercise into a daily routine help decrease pain and improve overall spinal mobility for individuals with low back pain?
Standing Lower Back Flexion Exercise
A chiropractic physical therapy team visit can help determine which exercises are best for an individual’s injury or condition and teach them what to stop doing if they have low back pain. Exercise and proper posture can decrease discomfort and improve mobility for individuals with low back pain. (Suh, J. H. et al., 2019) Sometimes, exercises that bend backward are recommended, while other times, flexion or forward bending movements are the best way to manage lower back pain. Many find the standing Williams lumbar flexion exercises maneuver helpful for low back pain. (Amila A, Syapitri H, Sembiring E. 2021)
Benefits
Individuals with certain diagnoses may benefit from spinal flexion. These diagnoses include:
Be sure to speak with a healthcare provider to understand the diagnosis and low back symptoms, and work with a physical therapist to be sure that forward flexion of the spine is the correct exercise for your back.
When To Avoid Lumbar Flexion
Some should avoid excessive forward bending, which could cause further damage or injury to the spine. Reasons to avoid flexion include:
Neurological signs such as difficulty urinating or controlling bowel movements (Howell E. R. 2012)
Before starting this or any other exercise program for your spine, check with a healthcare provider or physical therapist.
How to Perform
Gradually progressing with other gentle lumbar flexion exercises before full-standing lumbar flexion is recommended. These include performing a week or two of lumbar flexion lying down, followed by a couple weeks of lumbar flexion seated. Once these exercises are easy to perform and pain-free, progress with lumbar flexion standing postures.To perform, follow these steps:
Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart.
Slowly bend forward by sliding your hands down the front of your thighs.
Reach down as far as possible and let your lower back bend forward.
Grab your ankles and gently pull into more forward flexion to increase the backstretch.
Hold the end position for a second or two, then slowly return to the starting position.
As you exercise, be sure to monitor changes in symptoms. Pain worsening in the back or traveling down your leg indicates that you should stop the exercise (Spine-health, 2017). If the pain decreases in your leg or centralizes to your back, continue the exercise. Standing lumbar flexion can be repeated for 10 repetitions a couple of times daily. It can help decrease low back or leg pain symptoms and stretch tight hamstrings and back muscles. (Montefiore Pediatric Orthopedic and Scoliosis Center, 2003)
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic
Exercise can also prevent future lower back problems. Standing back flexion, postural correction, regular physical activity, and exercise are tools for keeping the spine healthy. Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to build optimal health and wellness solutions. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, prevent injury, and help mitigate issues through adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal problems.
What Causes Disc Herniation?
References
Suh, J. H., Kim, H., Jung, G. P., Ko, J. Y., & Ryu, J. S. (2019). The effect of lumbar stabilization and walking exercises on chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine, 98(26), e16173. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016173
Amila A, Syapitri H, Sembiring E. (2021). The effect of William Flexion Exercise on reducing pain intensity for elderly with low back pain. Int J Nurs Health Serv., 4(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v4i1.374
Lurie, J., & Tomkins-Lane, C. (2016). Management of lumbar spinal stenosis. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 352, h6234. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h6234
Sfeir, J. G., Drake, M. T., Sonawane, V. J., & Sinaki, M. (2018). Vertebral compression fractures associated with yoga: a case series. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 54(6), 947–951. https://doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.18.05034-7
Howell E. R. (2012). Conservative management of a 31 year old male with left sided low back and leg pain: a case report. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 56(3), 225–232.
Spine-health. (2017). Exercise with lower back pain: Should you work through the pain? Spine-health Knowledge from Veritas. https://www.spine-health.com/blog/exercising-lower-back-pain-should-you-work-through-pain
Montefiore Pediatric Orthopedic and Scoliosis Center. Center, M. P. O. a. S. (2003). Low Back Strain. https://www.cham.org/File%20Library/Global%20Navigation/Expertise%20And%20Programs/Pediatric%20Expertise/Orthopedics/Monte-LOW-BACK-STRAIN-WITH-EXERCISES.pdf
Can individuals who sit for long hours daily prevent tight neck and shoulder muscles by improving their posture, regularly stretching, and massaging their trapezius muscles?
Trapezius Self Massage
The trapezius muscle is a triangle-shaped muscle in the upper back that starts at the base of the neck, spans the length of the upper shoulders, and extends into the middle back. This muscle’s main function is stabilizing and moving the scapula/shoulder blade. The trapezius also helps to move the head, neck, arms, shoulders, and torso, stabilizes the spine, and plays an important role in posture. Physical and mental stress can tighten the trapezius muscle, leading to neck and shoulder pain. Learning to perform a trapezius self-massage can ease tension and provide pain relief. (Domingo A. R. et al., 2017)
Anatomy
The trapezius consists of three parts in three different areas of the back. The bottom of the skull, across the shoulders, and down to the mid back. A trapezius self-massage focuses on the upper portion of the traps. This part is located at the top of the shoulders. To find the upper trapezius, cross one arm in front of your body so that you can place the palm on top of the other shoulder.
For a trapezius self-massage, you need to know that there are two areas where your upper traps start and where the muscle connects to a bone. The first point is on the bottom of the skull, close to the center of the back of the skull. Start there with your fingers and trace the muscle down the back of the neck to where the shoulders widen. If you get lost, You can walk your fingers up or down the muscle on either side to relocate its origin at the base of the skull, the vertebra at the base of your neck that sticks out. This is C-7, another of the upper trapezius’s origin sites. (University of Washington Department of Radiology, 2025)
Massage Technique
Massage oil is optional but can hydrate the skin during a massage. You can perform the trapezius self-massage using your hands.
Start at the Base of The Neck
Choose one shoulder to work at a time.
Raise the arm on the opposite side of your body.
Reach this arm across your body and fold it around your neck so that your fingers rest at the back base of your neck.
Apply a decent amount of pressure to the muscle while moving your fingers in a circular motion.
The action is similar to kneading dough.
Massage this area at the base of your neck for about 30 seconds to start.
If this part of your muscle is sore, you can massage it longer.
Slowly Work Out Towards The End of The Shoulder
Once you have spent about 30 seconds massaging the muscle at the base of the neck, work your way out toward the end of your shoulder.
In close increments, in your fingers across the trapezius muscle, spending at least 30 seconds at each point.
Follow the muscle until you reach the end of the shoulder.
Apply enough pressure, and use slow, rhythmic movements so that you feel relief.
If the pressure is not relieving or makes you wince, it’s too much.
Repeat as Needed
Repeat each side two to three times before switching to the other shoulder. After massaging, you may notice a certain trapezius area is particularly sore or tense. Zero in on those areas a little longer. Remember to relax throughout the trapezius self-massage. This is an opportunity to learn where tension is in your neck and shoulders and how to apply pressure to relieve it. This knowledge can also help you be mindful throughout your day, whether sitting, doing chores, or other physical activities. If you notice scrunching or slouching, massage the trapezius and remind yourself to keep your shoulders relaxed.
Benefits
Tension and tightness in the trapezius muscle are common, particularly among individuals who work in an office, do manual labor, or deal with a lot of stress. (Marker R. J. Campeau S., & Maluf K. S. 2017) Trapezius strains are a common overuse injury that is more likely to happen when the muscle is tight. (Salavati M. et al., 2017) The injury can cause unhealthy posture to avoid the pain. This poor posture will place more stress on the muscles, leading to a cycle of poor posture and chronic pain. A trapezius self-massage can benefit in many ways, including:
Improved blood circulation
Better quality of sleep
Improved posture
Improved range of motion
Decreased swelling
Faster recovery after workouts
Reduced risk of injury
Seeing a Healthcare Provider
Like any other muscle in the body, the trapezius can be injured and requires special treatment to recover. Sometimes, the neck or shoulder pain may not come from the trapezius muscle. Consider seeing a healthcare provider if you have pain in your neck or shoulder that doesn’t get better within a week or two, especially if it isn’t responding to at-home treatment. Regardless of how long you have been experiencing pain or stiffness, contact a healthcare provider if it prevents you from getting adequate sleep or interfering with daily activities. Reasons to see a healthcare provider immediately for neck or shoulder pain include: (Mount Sinai, 2025)
There is sudden pressure or pain in the left shoulder, which can sometimes signal a heart attack.
A fall or accident resulted in pain, swelling, or problems moving the neck or arm.
If there is shoulder pain, a fever, swelling, or redness.
The skin on the shoulder area appears discolored.
It’s important to take regular breaks to stretch and move your muscles. You can release tension in the trapezius by doing shoulder shrugs throughout the day and stretching regularly. When the trapezius feels tight or sore, give yourself a massage.
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to build optimal health and wellness solutions. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, prevent injury, and help mitigate issues through adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal problems.
Whiplash Chiropractic Massage Therapy
References
Domingo, A. R., Diek, M., Goble, K. M., Maluf, K. S., Goble, D. J., & Baweja, H. S. (2017). Short-duration therapeutic massage reduces postural upper trapezius muscle activity. Neuroreport, 28(2), 108–110. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000000718
University of Washington Department of Radiology. (2025). Trapezius. https://rad.washington.edu/muscle-atlas/trapezius/
Marker, R. J., Campeau, S., & Maluf, K. S. (2017). Psychosocial stress alters the strength of reticulospinal input to the human upper trapezius. Journal of Neurophysiology, 117(1), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00448.2016
Salavati, M., Akhbari, B., Ebrahimi Takamjani, I., Ezzati, K., & Haghighatkhah, H. (2017). Reliability of the Upper Trapezius Muscle and Fascia Thickness and Strain Ratio Measures by Ultrasonography and Sonoelastography in Participants With Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 16(4), 316–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2017.06.003
Mount Sinai. (2025). Shoulder pain. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/shoulder-pain
Can individuals managing facet arthropathy treat the condition with over-the-counter pain relievers, prescription muscle relaxers, exercise, and chiropractic spinal manipulation?
Facet Arthropathy
Facet arthropathy, or facet osteoarthritis, is arthritis that affects the facet joints in the spine. It causes pain and stiffness due to cartilage degeneration within these joints, often resulting from wear and tear associated with aging. Essentially, it occurs when the small joints in the back of the spine become arthritic and rub against each other painfully.
It affects the bony protrusions, called facet joints, that connect the spine’s bones.
Symptoms include neck and back pain that can worsen with standing, bending, or twisting.
Facet arthropathy is diagnosed using X-rays and other imaging studies.
Severe cases may require surgery.
Facet Joints
Twenty-four vertebrae form the spine, with two facet joints between each. Facet joints are small joints located at the back of each vertebra in the spine. They allow movement and stability, help maintain the alignment of the spinal bones/vertebrae, and limit excessive motion. The joints and the cushioning intervertebral disc form a three-joint complex between each vertebra.
The three-joint complex allows the spine to move, including bending, rotating, and extending.
Synovial fluid lubricates the joints so they can move.
The intervertebral disc provides flexibility and dissipates compressive loads.
The facet joints stabilize the spine by constraining rotation and bending.
Symptoms
Arthropathy refers to any disease affecting a joint, including arthritis. Osteoarthritis, also known as arthrosis, is a specific type of arthropathy. It is a non-inflammatory, degenerative arthritis. Pain is the main symptom that is typically worse in the morning when awakening, and in the evening, the pain can also get worse when twisting or bending backward. The symptoms can vary based on the part of the affected spine. Low back pain is the most common, a condition referred to as lumbar facet arthropathy because it affects the lumbar spine of the lower back. (Perolat R. et al., 2018) Common Symptoms include:
Muscle spasms or cramps.
Pain that may come in periodic flare-ups
Pain that worsens with standing or inactivity.
Dull pain on both sides of the spine.
Aching pain on both sides of the spine.
Pain in the lower back, buttocks, shoulders, or back of the skull
Radiating pain to the buttocks and legs.
Pain that improves with sitting, leaning forward, or changing positions.
Pins-and-needles sensations in the hands or feet.
Clicking sounds when moving the spine.
Catching sensations when moving the spine.
Muscle weakness.
Causes
Facet arthropathy causes progressive damage to the spine. Spinal osteoarthritis, aka spondylosis, is the most common cause, but it can also occur with a severe form of spinal arthritis known as ankylosing spondylitis. It is primarily due to age-related wear and tear, but injuries or repetitive stress on the spine can also cause it. Arthritis in the facet joints can develop due to:
Aging-related wear and tear
Disc problems
A previous back injury
Torn ligaments
Spinal fractures
Deterioration of facet joints can also cause bony overgrowths called osteophytes or bone spurs, which can cause radiating pain and restrict the spine’s range of motion.
Degeneration
The facet joints and intervertebral discs degenerate due to age-related wear and tear.
The cartilage in the facet joints can dry out, crack, and wear down.
The joint capsule and synovial membrane can inflame or tear, affecting synovial fluid production.
The loss of cartilage can lead to hypermobility, and the joint can stiffen over time.
Diagnosis
Imaging studies are important to the diagnosis. Several types confirm the diagnosis and also characterize the nature and severity of the condition:
X-rays provide a plain, black-and-white image of the spinal column.
CT scan composites multiple X-rays to create a three-dimensional image of the spinal column.
MRI uses magnetic and radio waves to generate images of soft tissues like ligaments and cartilage.
To confirm the diagnosis, a diagnostic block, which is a small amount of local anesthetic, is injected into a facet joint. The needle placement is directed either with an ultrasound or a CT scan. Facet arthroplasty is confirmed if the injection provides immediate relief (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2022). The healthcare provider will want to exclude other possible causes as part of the differential diagnosis. Conditions that mimic facet arthropathy include:
Herniated disc
Psoriatic arthritis
Reactive arthritis
Spinal gout
Spinal compression fracture
Treatment
The treatment varies based on its location and severity. Generally, conservative treatments are used before more invasive procedures are considered.
Lifestyle Changes
Initially, a healthcare provider may recommend rest and avoiding aggravating movements, including any activity that involves bending or twisting.
Activities that take the weight off the facet joint, such as sitting, leaning forward, or changing positions, may help ease the pain.
Patients may also be advised to adjust their sleep positions to take the pressure off facet joints.
Options included curling up on your side or lying on your back with the knees supported with pillows.
Medications
If a diagnostic block is used, a patient may not need medications immediately. However, as the anesthetic starts to wear off, the patient may be prescribed over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers based on the severity of the pain. These can include:
Analgesics like Tylenol
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like Advil or Aleve
Muscle relaxants like Lloresal for acute back pain
Antidepressants like Cymbalta for chronic back pain
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is a major part of the treatment of lower back pain. The treatment plan will include personalized exercises to strengthen the core muscles and avoid stress on the spine. Examples include:
Mechanical traction and non-surgical to decompress the spine.
Knee-to-chest stretches, hugging your knees for 30 to 60 seconds.
Walking 10 to 20 minutes per day.
Aquatic therapy to alleviate pressure on the spine.
Surgery
If conservative measures don’t work or provide sufficient relief, a healthcare provider may recommend specialist procedures or surgeries that include:
Lumbar intra-articular injections deliver an anesthetic or corticosteroid into the spine for longer-lasting pain relief.
Sinuvertebral nerve ablation destroys spinal nerves with a strong electrical current.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy ESWT delivers low- or high-energy electrical pulses to help ease pain.
Spinal fusion surgery involves fusing two or more vertebrae to eliminate movement and pain in the facet joints.
Facet rhizotomy is a surgical procedure used to sever one of the nerves supplying the facet joint.
Stem cell regeneration is an experimental procedure in which stem cells are harvested and injected into damaged joints to restore function.
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic
Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to build optimal health and wellness solutions. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, prevent injury, and help mitigate issues through adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to resolve musculoskeletal problems.
Facet Syndrome Pain Treatment
References
Perolat, R., Kastler, A., Nicot, B., Pellat, J. M., Tahon, F., Attye, A., Heck, O., Boubagra, K., Grand, S., & Krainik, A. (2018). Facet joint syndrome: from diagnosis to interventional management. Insights into imaging, 9(5), 773–789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-018-0638-x
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2022). Spinal injections. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/spinal-injections/
Can individuals incorporate these simple but effective exercise routines to reduce pain and discomfort in their spine and back?
Why It’s Important To Keep The Back Mobile
When many individuals are dealing with back pain from their upper, middle, and lower portions, it can put a halt to a person’s routine. When back pain becomes present, it causes the person to find a comfortable place like a couch or a bed and lie down. However, this can cause more issues than the original one, affecting the individual. Back pain is a common worldwide problem and is the leading issue of disability associated with a high socio-economic cost. (Chou, 2021) Additionally, when a person is dealing with back pain, they are also dealing with degenerative issues that are also affecting their spines, thus causing problems to their joints, discs, and bones. (Hauser et al., 2022) This is because back pain is a multifactorial musculoskeletal disorder that can cause referred pain to different body locations. So when a person dealing with back pain rests, it can become an issue as inflammation builds up and swelling in the affected areas. Hence, many doctors, chiropractors, physical therapists, and spine specialists recommend keeping mobile to allow blood flow and the body’s natural healing response to reduce pain and speed up recovery. Since back pain relief is challenging through visceral-somatic disturbances, it is important to find various treatment options to aid the person’s specific condition. As a person goes to get treatment for their back pain, it is important to note that the causes of their back pain can help determine which exercises can be most effective within their treatment plan. We associate with certified medical providers who inform our patients of the benefits of incorporating simple but effective exercises for their back pain. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to integrate an exercise routine to reduce the chances of environmental factors causing back pain to return. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.
Understanding Academic Low Back Pain- Video
Effective But Simple Exercises For The Back
Many people often wonder, “If I am dealing with back pain, why should I exercise to reduce this pain?” The answer is simple: since the affected back muscles are tight and weakened, simple but effective exercises can help recover. Exercise therapy can help increase muscle-joint strength in the body while improving muscle function and increasing range of motion. This boosts a speedy recovery and allows the individual to return to their usual activities. (Hayden et al., 2021) At the same time, with a customized treatment plan, exercise therapy can incorporate other non-surgical treatments with one goal: to restore normal musculoskeletal function and reduce the pain caused by environmental factors, diseases, or injuries. (Karlsson et al., 2020) Now, depending on the severity of the back pain, there are simple but effective exercises below to help reduce the pain and restore mobility to the back.
Physical Therapy & At-Home Workouts
Physical therapy and at-home exercises can help many individuals with back pain. They can help figure out which position can help centralize the pain and correct any restricted motions. Many physical therapists incorporate the McKenzie method to strengthen and support the spine while decreasing pain and inflammation. At-home exercises can be combined with a series designed to be practical, assessable, and feasible for therapeutic gain or even to improve physical capacity to maximum effort. (Quentin et al., 2021)
Water Exercises
Water exercises are amazing exercises that can help lessen the body’s weight to take pressure and stress off the spine. This is because water is supposed to help cleanse and rejuvenate the body. When individuals are experiencing chronic back pain, aquatic physical therapy can help relieve pain intensity, relax the aching muscles, and even promote a positive workout experience for the individual. (Ma et al., 2022) After a few consecutive sessions, many individuals can see improvement in pain intensity and restored mobility function in their routines.
Tai Chi & Stabalizing Exercises
Now, another simple and effective exercise routine can help stabilize the surrounding muscles in the back and spine and become effective as part of a health and well-being routine. Tai chi and Qigong practices can help the individual emphasize stillness and controlled movements to promote calmness, resilience, body awareness, and relaxation for proper body alignment. (Yang et al., 2024) Tai chi and Qigong can also help support immune function in the body while regulating inflammation, which can help reduce and prevent diseases. (Oh et al., 2020) At the same time, yoga can help improve flexibility, mobility, and stability within the muscles and joints while also improving spinal alignment, which can help many individuals have proper posture. (Zhu et al., 2020) Depending on which exercise a person prefers for their treatment plan and to reduce their back pain; it is important to make these small changes to achieve optimal results. Making these small changes can help many individuals reduce the chances of their back pain returning and help them along with their health and wellness journey.
Hauser, R. A., Matias, D., Woznica, D., Rawlings, B., & Woldin, B. A. (2022). Lumbar instability as an etiology of low back pain and its treatment by prolotherapy: A review. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 35(4), 701-712. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-210097
Hayden, J. A., Ellis, J., Ogilvie, R., Malmivaara, A., & van Tulder, M. W. (2021). Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 9(9), CD009790. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009790.pub2
Karlsson, M., Bergenheim, A., Larsson, M. E. H., Nordeman, L., van Tulder, M., & Bernhardsson, S. (2020). Effects of exercise therapy in patients with acute low back pain: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Syst Rev, 9(1), 182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01412-8
Ma, J., Zhang, T., He, Y., Li, X., Chen, H., & Zhao, Q. (2022). Effect of aquatic physical therapy on chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 23(1), 1050. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05981-8
Oh, B., Bae, K., Lamoury, G., Eade, T., Boyle, F., Corless, B., Clarke, S., Yeung, A., Rosenthal, D., Schapira, L., & Back, M. (2020). The Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong on Immune Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicines (Basel), 7(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines7070039
Quentin, C., Bagheri, R., Ugbolue, U. C., Coudeyre, E., Pelissier, C., Descatha, A., Menini, T., Bouillon-Minois, J. B., & Dutheil, F. (2021). Effect of Home Exercise Training in Patients with Nonspecific Low-Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168430
Yang, Y., McCluskey, S., Bydon, M., Singh, J. R., Sheeler, R. D., Nathani, K. R., Krieger, A. C., Mehta, N. D., Weaver, J., Jia, L., DeCelle, S., Schlagal, R. C., Ayar, J., Abduljawad, S., Stovitz, S. D., Ganesh, R., Verkuilen, J., Knapp, K. A., Yang, L., & Hartl, R. (2024). A Tai chi and qigong mind-body program for low back pain: A virtually delivered randomized control trial. N Am Spine Soc J, 20, 100557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xnsj.2024.100557
Zhu, F., Zhang, M., Wang, D., Hong, Q., Zeng, C., & Chen, W. (2020). Yoga compared to non-exercise or physical therapy exercise on pain, disability, and quality of life for patients with chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLOS ONE, 15(9), e0238544. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238544
Can individuals reduce being sick by incorporating chiropractic care and health coaching as a treatment plan to relieve pain?
What Happens To The Body When It’s Sick?
How often do you feel constant aches and pains in various locations of your body? Do you feel that your head feels like there is cotton inside or that you have a pounding sensation that makes you stay in bed? Or how often have allergies made you constantly sneeze, making your back and chest hurt continuously? When it comes to the human body, these scenarios can cause a person to develop various ailments that can cause the body to become tired and sick. Environmental factors like stress, an excessive workload, improper dieting, and physical inactivity all play a role in causing overlapping risk profiles to the body while causing the immune system to work overtime. When it comes to the immune system and environmental factors, there is a bidirectional relationship as the immune system releases inflammatory cytokines to foreign pathogens and eliminates the issue. However, environmental factors affecting the immune system can even impact its functioning at the physical level. (Venter et al., 2020) When the body starts to feel sick, many people experience aches and pain in their muscles in the upper and lower quadrants. This can, over time, develop into overlapping pain-like symptoms that can cause doctors to prescribe medication to control these symptoms. Many symptoms that can be combined with being sick include:
Headaches/migraines
Nausea/vomiting
Fatigue
Muscle aches & pains
Allergies
When this happens, a person could be dealing with a tired, nervous system and experiencing body pains that can lead to various issues, thus needing treatment. We associate with certified medical providers who inform our patients of the benefits of incorporating chiropractic care and health coaching to improve their health and reduce sickness. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to integrate ways to reduce the chances of being sick through a customized treatment plan. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.
A Tired Nervous System & Body Pains
When it comes to the body starting to feel sick, it can be due to a tired, nervous system that is causing problems to arise in the body. The nervous system is the main control for the body as it controls pain, movement, organ function, and reactions, and the body needs to be consistently maintained to achieve optimal operations. When environmental factors affect the nervous system, it can lead to symptoms of nerve interference and body pain that can cause various issues. When various biomechanical, biochemical, and neuropsychological factors contribute to the body and cause pain, it can negatively affect a person’s quality of life. (Sarkovich et al., 2024) It can also negatively impact the spine and cause spinal misalignment, thus affecting the individual. When a person is dealing with spinal misalignment, they begin dealing with poor postural habits, limited range of motion, and pain within the upper, middle, and lower back. (Chu & Trager, 2022) This, in turn, causes a longer duration of the symptoms while increasing the presence and severity of degenerative changes. (Davis et al., 2022) So when degenerative changes and dangerous pressure are affecting the nerves correlated with spinal misalignment, many people can begin to seek treatment to realign the spine and reduce the chances of becoming sick.
The Role of Chiropractic Care On Improving Your Health-Video
Chiropractic Care For Improving The Body
When restoring spinal alignment and reducing the chances of the body becoming sick again, many people seek holistic, non-invasive, customized, cost-effective, holistic treatment. Chiropractic care can help realign the spine through manual and mechanical manipulation to determine the root cause of the issue and reduce nerve interference. Chiropractors can assess and detect nerve interference to identify any problems affecting the body. At the same time, chiropractic care can be used as a therapeutic intervention to regulate the body’s blood pressure and provide spinal rehabilitation. (Sullivan et al., 2020) At the same time, chiropractic care has a unique relationship with other treatments to ensure the body is healthy and energetic.
Health Coaching To Reduce Being Sick
While chiropractors can help restore the body through spinal realignment and rehabilitation, they also work with a health coach to make small changes and incorporate healthy habits to enhance chiropractic care. Exercise, proper dieting, and incorporating supplements combined with chiropractic care benefit complete wellness by reducing days of suffering from illnesses. (Khodakarami, 2020) When people start to think more about their help, incorporating chiropractic care with health coaching can be the key to maintaining healthy habits, listening, and being mindful of their bodies to reduce the effects of pain and discomfort. A healthy body can be energetic and free from diseases, dysfunction, pain, and discomfort, allowing individuals to continue their routine more healthily.
References
Chu, E. C., & Trager, R. J. (2022). Neck Pain and Headache After Pinealectomy: Improvement with Multimodal Chiropractic Therapies. Am J Case Rep, 23, e937906. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.937906
Davis, B. A., Dunn, A. S., Golley, D. J., & Chicoine, D. R. (2022). Chiropractic Clinical Outcomes Among Older Adult Male Veterans With Chronic Lower Back Pain: A Retrospective Review of Quality-Assurance Data. J Chiropr Med, 21(2), 77-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2022.02.004
Khodakarami, N. (2020). Treatment of Patients with Low Back Pain: A Comparison of Physical Therapy and Chiropractic Manipulation. Healthcare (Basel), 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010044
Sarkovich, S., Leonardi, C., Darlow, M., Martin, D., Issa, P., Soria, T., Bronstone, A., & Clement, C. (2024). Back pain in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: frequency and risk factors. Spine Deform, 12(5), 1319-1327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43390-024-00904-0
Sullivan, S. G., Paolacci, S., Kiani, A. K., & Bertelli, M. (2020). Chiropractic care for hypertension: Review of the literature and study of biological and genetic bases. Acta Biomed, 91(13-S), e2020017. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i13-S.10524
Venter, C., Eyerich, S., Sarin, T., & Klatt, K. C. (2020). Nutrition and the Immune System: A Complicated Tango. Nutrients, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030818
