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Rebuilding Strength After a Crash: How Sports Training and Physical Therapy Help Recover from Motor Vehicle Accidents


Introduction

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) can be life-changing. Even when injuries seem minor at first, their effects can linger for months or even years. From whiplash and nerve damage to gastrointestinal issues and chronic joint pain, the trauma goes far beyond broken bones. Fortunately, sports training and physical therapy offer a proven path to healing. These targeted methods restore mobility and improve long-term health. Integrative approaches—such as chiropractic care and functional medicine—further strengthen this recovery by treating the whole person, rather than just isolated injuries.


Understanding the Impact of Motor Vehicle Accidents

Hidden Damage: More Than Just Broken Bones

Motor vehicle accidents can cause injuries that aren’t immediately obvious. Even low-speed collisions can lead to:

  • Nerve compression or inflammation
  • Musculoskeletal joint pain
  • Back and neck misalignments
  • Gastrointestinal trauma
  • Balance and coordination issues

These injuries often develop over time, especially if left untreated. Whiplash, for example, might only seem like a sore neck at first—but it can lead to nerve irritation and chronic pain if not properly addressed. (IS Rehab, n.d.).


Chiropractic and Integrative Medicine: The Foundation of Holistic Recovery

Dr. Alexander Jimenez’s Dual-Scope Approach

As both a Doctor of Chiropractic and Family Nurse Practitioner, Dr. Alexander Jimenez specializes in diagnosing and treating complex MVA injuries in El Paso. His dual-scope expertise enables him to utilize advanced imaging and diagnostics—such as MRIs and musculoskeletal ultrasound—to identify underlying problems that general practitioners might overlook.

He also incorporates functional medicine, a method that views the body’s systems as interconnected. According to Dr. Jimenez, this approach helps pinpoint the root causes of chronic pain, nerve inflammation, or gut imbalances that can occur following a crash. (Jimenez, n.d.).


The Role of Physical Therapy in MVA Recovery

Why Movement Is Medicine

Physical therapy (PT) is one of the most effective tools for MVA recovery. PT doesn’t just treat symptoms; it corrects postural imbalances, reduces inflammation, and restores strength and flexibility. According to Advanced Orthopedic & Physical Therapy, physical therapy (PT) helps reduce nerve compression and improve joint mobility through targeted exercises, such as nerve glides and resistance training. (Advance Orthopt, n.d.).

Common PT treatments after MVAs include:

  • Manual therapy to realign joints
  • Stretching to reduce stiffness
  • Strength-building exercises
  • Balance and coordination training
  • Gait retraining

Sports Training: Strengthening the Body Post-Injury

The Shift from Passive to Active Recovery

Sports training brings patients from passive recovery to active participation in their health. It includes:

  • Bodyweight exercises like push-ups or squats
  • Stretching and dynamic warm-ups
  • Balance and agility drills
  • Resistance band workouts

As the body heals, structured physical activity becomes essential. It helps stabilize joints, build muscular endurance, and boost cardiovascular function—all while decreasing the likelihood of re-injury (Sports PT Centers, n.d.).


Managing Nerve Damage After an MVA

Understanding Neurological Trauma

Injuries to the neck and spine can pinch or inflame nerves, leading to symptoms like:

  • Tingling or numbness
  • Shooting pain in limbs
  • Muscle weakness

Chiropractic adjustments, nerve mobilization, and neuromuscular reeducation are all effective methods for managing these issues. Dr. Jimenez often uses digital motion X-rays and electromyography (EMG) to evaluate the extent of nerve damage before recommending treatments (Jimenez, n.d.).


Addressing Back and Neck Pain through Integrated Care

How Chiropractic and PT Work Together

Back and neck pain are among the most common complaints related to motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Dr. Jimenez uses chiropractic care to realign the spine, reduce pressure on nerves, and support faster healing. He complements this with PT exercises aimed at restoring cervical and lumbar mobility.

Integrative care strategies may include:

  • Soft tissue massage
  • Spinal decompression
  • Heat/cold therapy
  • Core stabilization workouts

Together, these methods promote faster healing and improve long-term outcomes (Solutions Physical Therapy, n.d.).


The Gut-Brain Connection: Intestinal Injury After MVAs

A Lesser-Known but Serious Consequence

Not all injuries are external. Abdominal trauma from seatbelts or impact can cause intestinal bruising, bloating, or even motility issues. Stress hormones released after a crash may also disrupt the gut-brain axis, leading to chronic indigestion or constipation.

Dr. Jimenez uses functional lab testing and stool analysis to detect internal imbalances, often addressing them with:

  • Anti-inflammatory diets
  • Digestive enzymes
  • Probiotics
  • Manual visceral therapy

These approaches can help heal the gut from both physical and stress-related damage (PDF Source).


Rehabilitation Timeline: When Can You Start Moving?

From Rest to Regeneration

Patients often wonder when they can resume exercising. According to Maxwell Therapy, patients can begin gentle range-of-motion exercises within days of an accident, depending on the nature of the injury. Most rehab specialists recommend a progressive routine:

  1. Phase 1: Rest and Stabilization – Reduce swelling and protect injured areas.
  2. Phase 2: Light Movement – Gentle stretching and isometric exercises.
  3. Phase 3: Functional Exercises – Squats, lunges, light weights.
  4. Phase 4: Return to Sport or Activity – Full-body conditioning.

Delaying exercise can cause stiffness, muscle wasting, and postural dysfunction (Maxwell Therapy, n.d.).


How Dr. Jimenez Combines Legal and Medical Support

Injury Recovery Meets Documentation

One unique strength of Dr. Jimenez’s care in El Paso is his ability to merge medical treatment with legal documentation. Many personal injury cases require detailed reports, imaging, and prognosis notes for attorneys and insurance companies. Dr. Jimenez provides:

  • Functional range-of-motion assessments
  • Impairment ratings
  • SOAP notes for legal use
  • Narrative reports based on objective findings

His dual-scope licensure grants him the authority to order and interpret diagnostic tests, such as MRIs and CT scans, thereby strengthening both clinical care and legal claims. (Jimenez, n.d.).


Mental and Emotional Recovery: The Often-Forgotten Component

Addressing Psychological Trauma

After an MVA, it’s not just the body that suffers. Anxiety, PTSD, and depression are common. Exercise and chiropractic care naturally help regulate the nervous system by releasing endorphins and improving circulation. Functional medicine adds adaptogenic herbs and stress-reducing therapies like:

  • Acupuncture
  • Mind-body therapies (yoga, breathwork)
  • Lifestyle coaching

This full-spectrum approach makes long-term recovery more attainable and sustainable (PDF Source).


Conclusion: Movement Is the Best Medicine

Recovering from a motor vehicle accident takes more than rest. It requires a structured plan—one that includes physical therapy, sports training, chiropractic adjustments, and integrative medicine. Dr. Alexander Jimenez in El Paso serves as a model for this type of care. His ability to combine clinical diagnostics with rehabilitative therapies and legal documentation ensures that patients recover physically and secure the support they need to return to their lives with confidence.


References


Functional Medicine and Chiropractic Care: A Holistic Approach to Motor Vehicle Accident Recovery

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) can have profound physical and emotional consequences, often resulting in indirect trauma, back and neck pain, and even intestinal damage. These injuries, if left unaddressed, may lead to chronic musculoskeletal pain and systemic health issues. Functional medicine and chiropractic care, particularly through the expertise of professionals like Dr. Alexander Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BC, offer a holistic and individualized approach to recovery. By targeting the root causes of injuries and promoting overall well-being, these modalities provide comprehensive healing strategies. This blog post examines the impact of MVAs, the role of functional medicine and chiropractic care in recovery, and Dr. Jimenez’s clinical approach in El Paso, Texas, which is supported by advanced diagnostics and evidence-based practices.

Understanding the Impact of Motor Vehicle Accidents

MVAs are a leading cause of injury worldwide, contributing to over 40% of spinal injuries annually. The trauma from these incidents can manifest as direct injuries, such as fractures or whiplash, and indirect issues, including chronic pain, emotional distress, and gastrointestinal disturbances. The complexity of MVA-related injuries necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to address both immediate symptoms and long-term health consequences.

Indirect Trauma from MVAs

Indirect trauma refers to injuries that are not immediately visible but develop over time due to biomechanical stress or systemic imbalances. For instance, the sudden jolt of a collision can misalign the spine, leading to subluxations that cause nerve irritation and muscle tension. These misalignments may not cause immediate pain but can contribute to chronic conditions like sciatica or fibromyalgia if left untreated.

Back and Neck Pain

Back and neck pain are among the most common complaints following MVAs, often resulting from whiplash or soft tissue injuries. Whiplash, caused by rapid acceleration and deceleration, irritates the muscles, tendons, and nerves in the cervical spine, leading to symptoms such as stiffness, headaches, and reduced range of motion. If untreated, these injuries can progress to chronic pain syndromes, affecting daily activities and quality of life.

Intestinal Damage and Gut Health

MVAs can also disrupt gut health, an often-overlooked consequence of trauma. The stress response triggered by an accident increases cortisol levels, which can alter gut microbiota and impair digestion. (Jimenez, 2025) Even without direct abdominal impact, the nervous system’s dysregulation can lead to conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or leaky gut syndrome. Jimenez, 2025. Functional medicine addresses these issues by restoring gut integrity through a combination of nutrition and stress management.

Emotional and Psychological Impact

The emotional toll of MVAs, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or anxiety, can exacerbate physical symptoms. Emotional distress may manifest as muscle tension or heightened pain perception, creating a feedback loop that hinders recovery. Visionary Law Group, n.d. Addressing both physical and emotional aspects is critical for holistic healing.

Citations:

The Role of Functional Medicine in MVA Recovery

Functional medicine takes a systems-based approach, focusing on identifying and addressing the root causes of health issues rather than merely treating symptoms (Premier Functional Medicine, n.d.). For MVA victims, this means personalized treatment plans that integrate nutrition, stress management, and targeted therapies to restore balance across the body’s systems.

Addressing Root Causes

Functional medicine practitioners use comprehensive assessments, including blood panels and functional movement screens, to identify underlying dysfunctions such as inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and nutritional deficiencies. A diet high in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, for instance, can help reduce the chronic inflammation brought on by soft tissue injuries. Health Coach Clinic, n.d.

Nutritional Support for Healing

Nutrition plays a pivotal role in recovery, as healing is an energy-intensive process. Functional medicine emphasizes the consumption of nutrient-dense foods to support tissue repair and reduce fatigue. Key recommendations include:

  • Protein: Essential for muscle and tissue repair, found in lean meats, fish, and legumes.
  • Antioxidants, found in berries, leafy greens, and nuts, help combat oxidative stress caused by trauma.
  • Probiotics: Support gut health and address MVA-related dysbiosis. Jimenez, 2025.

Stress Management and Nervous System Regulation

The autonomic nervous system, often dysregulated after MVAs, can perpetuate pain and digestive issues. Functional medicine utilizes techniques such as mindfulness, biofeedback, and adaptogenic herbs to rebalance the nervous system, thereby reducing cortisol levels and promoting relaxation. Pacific Natural Medicine, n.d.

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Chiropractic Care: Restoring Musculoskeletal Function

Chiropractic care complements functional medicine by addressing biomechanical issues, particularly spinal misalignments and soft tissue injuries. Dr. Alexander Jimenez, a dual-licensed chiropractor and nurse practitioner in El Paso, Texas, is renowned for his expertise in treating MVA victims.

Spinal Adjustments

Chiropractic adjustments use quick, gentle thrusts to correct spinal misalignments, which helps alleviate nerve issues and enhance mobility. These adjustments are particularly effective for relieving neck and back pain, with studies showing that chiropractic care reduces the need for opioids and invasive procedures.

Soft Tissue Therapy

Manual therapies, such as massage and myofascial release, target muscle tension and scar tissue, promoting pain relief and improved range of motion. RX Wellness, n.d. These techniques are integral to Dr. Jimenez’s approach, ensuring comprehensive musculoskeletal recovery.

Functional Rehabilitation

Chiropractic care extends beyond adjustments to include functional rehabilitation programs. These programs incorporate strength training, flexibility exercises, and proprioceptive training to prevent re-injury and enhance performance.

Citations:

Dr. Alexander Jimenez’s Clinical Approach in El Paso

Dr. Alexander Jimenez’s dual licensure as a chiropractor and nurse practitioner uniquely positions him to bridge medical diagnostics with holistic care. His clinic, Injury Medical & Chiropractic Center, is a leading destination for MVA recovery in El Paso, emphasizing advanced diagnostics and personalized treatment plans.

Advanced Imaging and Diagnostics

Dr. Jimenez utilizes advanced imaging techniques, including MRI and CT scans, to accurately diagnose soft tissue and spinal injuries. These tools correlate symptoms with objective findings, aiding in treatment planning and legal documentation for personal injury cases. Electromyography (EMG) and neurologic exams further assess nerve injuries, providing a comprehensive diagnostic picture. Jimenez, n.d.

Dual-Scope Procedures

As a nurse practitioner, Dr. Jimenez employs evidence-based medicine to address systemic issues, such as hormonal imbalances or metabolic dysfunctions, while his chiropractic expertise focuses on biomechanical corrections. This dual-scope approach ensures that both symptoms and root causes are addressed, thereby enhancing recovery outcomes.

Legal Documentation

In personal injury cases, Dr. Jimenez’s detailed assessments and imaging provide critical evidence for attorneys and insurance companies. His detailed questionnaires for auto accident injuries capture the mechanism of injury and biomechanics, ensuring accurate treatment and robust legal support.

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Holistic Recovery Strategies

Holistic recovery from MVAs involves integrating multiple modalities to address physical, emotional, and systemic health. Dr. Jimenez’s approach exemplifies this by combining chiropractic care, functional medicine, and collaborative care with specialists.

Collaborative Care

Dr. Jimenez collaborates with orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, and nutritionists to provide seamless care. For severe injuries, such as fractures or dislocations, he coordinates with specialists to ensure proper healing and rehabilitation.

Long-Term Wellness

Functional medicine promotes long-term wellness by addressing lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, and stress management. Conditioning programs tailored for athletes or active individuals enhance mobility and help prevent reinjury.

Patient Education

Dr. Jimenez empowers patients through education, offering resources on spinal health, nutrition, and stress management via his website, www.dralexjimenez.com. Patient testimonials highlight the transformative impact of his care, particularly for chronic pain and sports injuries.

The Progression of Musculoskeletal Joint Pain

Untreated MVA injuries can lead to progressive musculoskeletal joint pain, including conditions like osteoarthritis or degenerative disc disease. Chronic inflammation and biomechanical stress exacerbate joint wear and tear, thereby reducing mobility and quality of life. Functional medicine and chiropractic care mitigate these risks by addressing inflammation and restoring joint function early in the recovery process.

Conclusion

Motor vehicle accidents can cause a cascade of physical and emotional challenges, from back and neck pain to gut health issues and chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Functional medicine and chiropractic care, as exemplified by Dr. Alexander Jimenez in El Paso, offer a holistic and effective approach to recovery. By integrating advanced diagnostics, personalized treatment plans, and collaborative care, these modalities address the root causes of injuries and promote long-term wellness. For MVA victims, seeking care from a dual-licensed practitioner like Dr. Jimenez ensures comprehensive healing and robust support for personal injury cases.

References

The Hidden Impact of Motor Vehicle Accidents on Gut Health: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are more than just a momentary disruption—they can have far-reaching effects on your health, particularly your gut. While the immediate concern after a car crash often centers on visible injuries like broken bones or whiplash, the impact on your digestive system and overall gut health can be profound and frequently overlooked. From physical trauma to the belly to the stress and medications that follow, MVAs can disrupt the delicate balance of your gut-brain axis, leading to abdominal pain, internal hemorrhaging, and long-term gastrointestinal issues. This blog post examines the impact of MVAs on gut health, drawing on clinical insights from Dr. Alexander Jimenez, a renowned chiropractor and nurse practitioner in El Paso, Texas, as well as other credible sources. We’ll also discuss the connection to musculoskeletal pain, the role of advanced diagnostics, and the importance of seeking timely medical and legal support.


How Motor Vehicle Accidents Affect Gut Health

Physical Trauma to the Abdomen

One of the most direct ways an MVA can impact gut health is through physical trauma to the abdomen. The force of a collision, especially in high-velocity accidents, can cause blunt or penetrating injuries to the digestive organs. Blunt trauma, such as from a seatbelt or steering wheel, may lead to internal hemorrhaging, organ rupture, or damage to the intestines (MDSearchlight, n.d.). Although less common, penetrating injuries can occur when sharp objects puncture the abdominal cavity, which may lead to severe complications such as peritonitis or sepsis.

Immediate symptoms of abdominal trauma may include sharp pain, bruising, or swelling, but some injuries manifest hours or days later. Delayed stomach pain after a car accident is a concerning symptom that could indicate internal bleeding, organ damage, or a hematoma (AICA Orthopedics, 2024). For example, a bruised liver or spleen may not cause noticeable symptoms right away but can lead to life-threatening complications if untreated. Dr. Alexander Jimenez, a board-certified chiropractor and nurse practitioner, emphasizes the importance of thorough medical evaluations following an accident to rule out potential injuries. (Jimenez, 2025).

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Stress and the Gut-Brain Axis

The emotional toll of an MVA can be just as damaging to gut health as physical injuries. The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication network between the brain and the gastrointestinal system, is highly sensitive to stress and trauma (Khiron Clinics, n.d.). The shock, fear, and anxiety following a car accident can trigger a stress response, releasing cortisol and other stress hormones that disrupt gut motility, increase inflammation, and alter the gut microbiota.

Chronic stress from an MVA, especially if it leads to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), can exacerbate gastrointestinal issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation, or diarrhea (Janicek Law, n.d.). Dr. Jimenez notes that stress-related gut disturbances are common among his patients in El Paso, where he uses functional medicine to address these issues through nutrition and stress management protocols (Jimenez, 2025).

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Adverse Effects of Medications

Post-accident treatment often involves medications like painkillers, anti-inflammatories, or antibiotics, which can have significant side effects on the gut. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), commonly prescribed for pain, can irritate the stomach lining, leading to ulcers, gastritis, or bleeding (Gastroenterology Advisor, 2024). Opioids, used for severe pain, can slow gut motility, causing constipation or even opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.

Antibiotics, sometimes administered to prevent infection after surgery or injury, can disrupt the gut microbiota, reducing beneficial bacteria and increasing the risk of conditions like Clostridium difficile infection (PMC, 2018). Dr. Jimenez advocates for nutritional interventions to restore gut flora and minimize medication-related damage, integrating probiotics and anti-inflammatory diets into his treatment plans (Jimenez, 2025).

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The Connection to Musculoskeletal Pain

MVAs are a leading cause of musculoskeletal injuries, particularly to the back and neck. Whiplash, herniated discs, and soft tissue damage are common, and these injuries can indirectly affect gut health through viscerosomatic reflexes, where pain in one part of the body influences another (Jimenez, 2025). For instance, chronic back pain can alter posture and muscle tension, impacting abdominal organs and contributing to digestive issues.

Dr. Jimenez’s dual expertise as a chiropractor and nurse practitioner allows him to address both the musculoskeletal and systemic effects of MVAs. His clinic in El Paso uses spinal adjustments, functional strength training, and advanced diagnostics to restore mobility and reduce pain, which in turn supports gut health by alleviating stress and improving nerve function (Jimenez, 2025). Patients with neck or back pain often report secondary symptoms like nausea or bloating, underscoring the interconnectedness of these systems.

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Traumatic Brain Injury and Gut Health

In severe MVAs, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can further complicate gut health. TBIs disrupt the connection between the gut and the brain by altering how nerves transmit signals, which can upset the balance of gut bacteria and increase gut permeability, often referred to as a “leaky gut.” This can cause systemic inflammation, worsening digestive symptoms, and potentially contribute to mental health issues like anxiety or depression.

Dr. Jimenez’s integrative approach includes assessing neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms in TBI patients, using blood panels and imaging to identify underlying dysfunctions (Jimenez, 2025). By addressing both the brain and gut, he helps patients achieve comprehensive recovery.

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Dr. Alexander Jimenez’s Approach in El Paso

Clinical Rationale and Advanced Diagnostics

Dr. Alexander Jimenez, based in El Paso, Texas, is a leading expert in treating MVA victims, combining chiropractic care with nurse practitioner-driven medical management. His clinic, Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, utilizes advanced imaging techniques (such as X-rays and MRIs) and dual-scope procedures (combining musculoskeletal and systemic assessments) to accurately diagnose injuries. (Jimenez, 2025). These tools are critical for identifying hidden injuries, such as internal hemorrhaging or subtle spinal misalignments, that may contribute to gut issues.

His diagnostic assessments, including the Living Matrix Functional Medicine Assessment, help uncover the root causes of health problems, from biomechanical misalignments to metabolic imbalances (Jimenez, 2025). This comprehensive approach ensures that treatment plans address both immediate symptoms and long-term health.

Balancing Medical and Legal Needs

In personal injury cases, accurate documentation is crucial for legal claims. Dr. Jimenez’s detailed reports, supported by diagnostic evidence, provide the necessary medical records for insurance settlements and lawsuits (Jimenez, 2025). His dual licensure allows him to bridge the gap between clinical care and legal requirements, ensuring patients receive both effective treatment and fair compensation.

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What to Do If You Experience Stomach Pain After an MVA

If you experience stomach pain, diarrhea, or other digestive issues after a car accident, take these steps:

  1. Seek Immediate Medical Attention: Visit a healthcare provider to rule out serious injuries like internal bleeding or organ damage (Michigan Auto Law, n.d.).
  2. Document Symptoms: Keep a detailed record of your symptoms, including when they started and their severity, to support medical and legal claims.
  3. Consult a Specialist: A chiropractor, such as Dr. Jimenez, with expertise in MVAs, can provide non-invasive treatments to address both musculoskeletal and gut-related issues. (Chiropractor Snellville, n.d.).
  4. Consider Functional Medicine: Nutritional and stress management interventions can help restore gut health (The Barnes Firm, n.d.).
  5. Work with a Personal Injury Attorney: Legal support ensures you receive compensation for medical expenses and pain and suffering.

Citations:


Conclusion

Motor vehicle accidents can have a profound impact on gut health, affecting everything from physical digestion to mental well-being. Through physical trauma, stress, and medication side effects, MVAs disrupt the gut-brain axis and can lead to serious complications if not addressed. Dr. Alexander Jimenez’s integrative approach in El Paso, combining chiropractic care, functional medicine, and advanced diagnostics, offers a comprehensive solution for MVA victims. By addressing both the physical and systemic effects of these injuries, he helps patients recover fully while providing the documentation needed for legal claims. If you’ve been in a car accident, don’t ignore symptoms like stomach pain or digestive issues—seek medical attention promptly to protect your health and future.

References

GI Disorders Treatment: Seeking the Best Solutions

Discover key insights into GI disorders treatment to help manage symptoms and improve gastrointestinal health.

Introduction

Do you often feel bloated after meals? Experience persistent constipation or digestive discomfort? Or perhaps you suffer from joint stiffness and muscle pain with no clear cause? Many people are unaware that their gut health can significantly impact their musculoskeletal system. Emerging research highlights the intricate connection between gastrointestinal (GI) health and musculoskeletal function, showing that poor gut health can contribute to systemic inflammation, nutrient deficiencies, and chronic pain.

As a nurse practitioner specializing in physical and functional medicine, I have seen firsthand how addressing gut health can lead to profound improvements in musculoskeletal function and overall well-being. This article explores the gut-musculoskeletal connection and evidence-based, non-surgical strategies to alleviate pain and restore balance.


The Gut-Musculoskeletal Connection: How GI Disorders Impact the Body

1. Systemic Inflammation and Musculoskeletal Pain

Inflammation is a key player in both GI disorders and musculoskeletal conditions. When gut health is compromised—due to factors such as poor diet, stress, or dysbiosis—the body mounts an immune response, leading to chronic inflammation.

GI disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are commonly associated with systemic inflammation. Research has shown that inflammatory mediators released from the gut can trigger widespread pain and contribute to conditions like fibromyalgia, arthritis, and chronic fatigue syndrome (Casini et al., 2024).

2. Nutrient Malabsorption and Musculoskeletal Dysfunction

The gut is responsible for absorbing essential nutrients that support musculoskeletal health. Celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and chronic diarrhea can impair nutrient absorption, leading to deficiencies in:

  • Vitamin D (essential for bone health and immune regulation)
  • Magnesium (necessary for muscle relaxation and nerve function)
  • B Vitamins (important for energy metabolism and nervous system function)
  • Omega-3 Fatty Acids (anti-inflammatory properties)

Deficiencies in these nutrients can manifest as muscle cramps, weakness, joint pain, and fatigue, often mimicking other musculoskeletal disorders.

3. Gut Dysbiosis and the Nervous System

The gut, often referred to as the “second brain,” has a profound relationship with the nervous system. Gut dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut bacteria, can lead to increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), allowing toxins and inflammatory molecules to enter the bloodstream. This, in turn, can trigger immune responses that contribute to chronic pain, joint stiffness, and muscle dysfunction (Casini et al., 2024).

Additionally, the gut-brain axis plays a significant role in pain perception. When gut health is compromised, it can disrupt neurotransmitter production (such as serotonin and dopamine), leading to increased pain sensitivity and mood disorders like anxiety and depression.

4. Visceral-Somatic Reflex and Referred Pain

GI disorders often create referred pain patterns, where discomfort originating in the gut is perceived as musculoskeletal pain.

  • GERD may cause chest and upper back pain.
  • IBS can lead to lower back and pelvic discomfort.
  • Chronic constipation can contribute to hip and sacroiliac joint pain.

This phenomenon, known as the visceral-somatic reflex, occurs when irritation in the internal organs triggers nerve responses that are felt in corresponding musculoskeletal structures (Farmer & Aziz, 2009).


Fighting Inflammation Naturally: Video


Functional and Non-Surgical Approaches to Restoring Gut and Musculoskeletal Health

1. Dietary Modifications for Gut Health

Optimizing gut health begins with nutrient-dense, anti-inflammatory dietary choices. Some effective dietary approaches include:

  • Anti-Inflammatory Diet: Emphasizes whole foods, omega-3s, and antioxidants.
  • Elimination Diet: Identifies and removes food sensitivities that trigger inflammation.
  • Low FODMAP Diet: Reduces fermentable carbohydrates that can cause bloating and gut distress.

A well-balanced diet supports gut microbiome diversity, reduces systemic inflammation, and promotes nutrient absorption (El-Salhy, 2019).

2. Probiotics and Prebiotics for Gut Microbiome Support

Restoring gut microbiome balance is crucial for reducing inflammation and improving digestion.

  • Probiotics: Contain beneficial bacteria that support gut integrity and immune function.
  • Prebiotics: Fiber-rich foods that nourish beneficial gut bacteria.

Studies show that probiotics and prebiotics help modulate the immune system, restore gut barrier function, and reduce pain associated with GI disorders (Roy & Dhaneshwar, 2023).

3. Stress Management for Gut-Musculoskeletal Health

Chronic stress exacerbates GI dysfunction and musculoskeletal pain. Incorporating stress-reducing techniques can significantly improve both systems:

  • Mindfulness & Meditation: Reduces gut sensitivity and pain perception.
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps manage stress-induced GI symptoms.
  • Breathwork & Yoga: Improves vagal nerve function, aiding digestion and relaxation.

4. Manual Therapies for Musculoskeletal and Gut Health

Various hands-on therapies can alleviate both GI and musculoskeletal symptoms:

  • Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy (OMT): Improves gut motility and reduces referred pain.
  • Visceral Manipulation: Releases abdominal restrictions to improve digestion.
  • Massage Therapy: Alleviates stress-related gut dysfunction and musculoskeletal tension.

5. Acupuncture for Gut and Pain Management

Acupuncture is an evidence-based approach that can modulate the autonomic nervous system, reduce inflammation, and improve gut motility. Studies show that acupuncture helps relieve IBS-related pain, bloating, and constipation(Li et al., 2023)


Conclusion: A Holistic Approach to Gut and Musculoskeletal Health

The connection between GI health and musculoskeletal function is undeniable. Chronic pain, joint stiffness, and muscle dysfunction often stem from underlying gut issues, making an integrative approach essential for effective treatment.

By incorporating functional medicine strategies such as dietary modifications, gut microbiome support, stress reduction, manual therapies, and acupuncture, individuals can address the root causes of dysfunction rather than just treating symptoms. These holistic, non-surgical interventions empower patients to take control of their health, reduce chronic pain, and achieve lasting well-being.

As a nurse practitioner specializing in physical and functional medicine, my goal is to help individuals restore balance to their gut and musculoskeletal systems. If you’re experiencing persistent pain, digestive issues, or unexplained musculoskeletal discomfort, it’s time to explore a functional medicine approach tailored to your needs.


Injury Medical & Functional Medicine Clinic

We associate with certified medical providers who understand the importance of the effects of GI disorders on not only the gut system but also the musculoskeletal system. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to implement small changes like physical activities and small dietary changes to their diet to reduce the chances of GI disorders from returning. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.


References

Casini, I., Massai, L., Solomita, E., Ortenzi, K., Pieretti, S., & Aloisi, A. M. (2024). Gastrointestinal Conditions Affect Chronic Pain and Quality of Life in Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 21(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111435

El-Salhy, M. (2019). Nutritional Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Disorders. Nutrients, 11(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11123013

Farmer, A. D., & Aziz, Q. (2009). Visceral pain hypersensitivity in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Br Med Bull, 91, 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldp026

Konturek, P. C., Brzozowski, T., & Konturek, S. J. (2011). Stress and the gut: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, diagnostic approach and treatment options. J Physiol Pharmacol, 62(6), 591-599. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22314561

Li, X., Liu, S., Liu, H., & Zhu, J. J. (2023). Acupuncture for gastrointestinal diseases. Anat Rec (Hoboken), 306(12), 2997-3005. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24871

Malone, M., Waheed, A., & Samiullah, S. (2018). Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Functional Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adults. FP Essent, 466, 21-28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29528206

Roy, S., & Dhaneshwar, S. (2023). Role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease: Current perspectives. World J Gastroenterol, 29(14), 2078-2100. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v29.i14.2078

Disclaimer

Harnessing the Power of the Coconut: Discover its Beneficial Properties

Can coconut be a healthier alternative food option for individuals trying to improve their health and wellness?

The Coconut

Located in the tropical regions around the world, especially in Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands, sunny coastal states in the U.S., and India, the coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a monoecious perennial palm that has many uses for people who are looking for alternatives in their dietary needs. Known as the “tree of life,” the coconut has numerous utilities that people can incorporate from food, medicine, and household products. (Beveridge et al., 2022) The outer coconut husk is used in household items, while the coconut fruit is used for food and medicinal purposes, from antibacterial and antioxidant to containing microminerals and nutrients. (DebMandal & Mandal, 2011) This tropical fruit can be used in baked goods, skin products, and food dishes and can help restore the body’s electrolytes. We associate with certified medical providers who inform our patients of the importance of incorporating healthy foods like coconut into a healthy diet. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to integrate small changes into their daily dietary intake to feel good. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.

Nutritional Facts

With coconut being a versatile fruit, it has many nutritional benefits. It is classified as a medium-chaired saturated fat absorbed by the body differently and can help reduce LDL-Cs (low-density lipoproteins, reduce cardiovascular diseases, and improve cognitive function. (Hewlings, 2020) When it comes to the nutritional facts of eating one piece of coconut is about:

  • 1 piece of coconut: 45g
  • Calories: 159
  • Total Fats: 15g
    • Saturated fat: 13g
  • Cholesterol: 0mg
  • Sodium: 9mg
  • Potassium: 160mg
  • Total Carbohydrate: 7g
    • Dietary fibers: 4.1
    • Sugar: 2.8g
  • Protein: 1.5g

Coconuts are high in saturated fats and medium-chain fatty, so they can cross the blood-brain barrier and be absorbed, transported, and utilized for energy production for the body. They can also provide beneficial properties to the gut microbiome. (Fan et al., 2022) At the same time, if people drink the water from the coconut, its nutritional facts include:

  • 1 cup of coconut water: 240g
  • Calories: 45
  • Total Fats: 0.5g
    • Saturated fat: 0.4g
  • Cholesterol: 0mg
  • Sodium: 252mg
  • Potassium: 600mg
  • Total Carbohydrate: 9g
    • Dietary fiber: 2.6g
    • Sugar: 6g
  • Protein: 1.7g

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The Health Benefits Of The Coconut

With the coconut tree being “the tree of life,” the fruit has many beneficial properties for health and wellness. For instance, using coconut oil for cooking has many advantages, such as being resistant to oxidation and polymerization due to its high saturated fatty acid content, being consumed at low levels, and reducing cardiovascular diseases. (Schwingshackl & Schlesinger, 2023) At the same time, when people start to use coconut oil for part of their cooking, they will notice that their body weight decreases. (Duarte et al., 2022). Below are other beneficial properties when people start incorporating coconut into their diet.

Replenish Electrolytes

Many people starting to work out or are physically active can utilize coconut water to replace sports drinks to replenish their electrolytes. When a person is exercising and sweating profusely, water and sodium levels are depleted, thus compromising the cardiovascular system’s ability to maintain a person’s exercise performance. (O’Brien et al., 2023) Hence, drinking coconut water can help rehydrate the body and replenish those electrolytes. At the same time, incorporating a bit of citrus fruit can provide extra health benefits and enhance the flavor of coconut water.

Reduces Blood Sugar

Coconuts can also help lower blood sugar levels, and for diabetic individuals, it can help reduce their blood glucose to healthy levels, regulate their carbohydrate metabolism, and improve their antioxidant capacity to reduce any comorbidities associated with diabetes. (Dai et al., 2021) Additionally, many diabetic individuals can substitute regular sugar with coconut sugar as it has a high nutritional value and a low glycemic index that can be beneficial to moderate glucose absorption. (Saraiva et al., 2023)

Adding Coconut To Your Diet

Many people can incorporate coconut into their diet by eating the fruit, drinking the coconut water, and utilizing it for smoothies and baked goods. By adding coconut to a healthy diet, many people can get their healthy fats in moderation, their electrolytes replenished, and enjoy eating clean, healthy foods. Making small changes by incorporating foods that have antioxidants into a healthy diet can help many people eat healthier and have more energy. At the same time, when people incorporate physical activity with their diet, they will begin to notice small positive changes in themselves and their bodies, thus leading happy, healthier lives.


References

Beveridge, F. C., Kalaipandian, S., Yang, C., & Adkins, S. W. (2022). Fruit Biology of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Plants (Basel), 11(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233293

Dai, Y., Peng, L., Zhang, X., Wu, Q., Yao, J., Xing, Q., Zheng, Y., Huang, X., Chen, S., & Xie, Q. (2021). Effects of coconut water on blood sugar and retina of rats with diabetes. PeerJ, 9, e10667. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10667

DebMandal, M., & Mandal, S. (2011). Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): in health promotion and disease prevention. Asian Pac J Trop Med, 4(3), 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60078-3

Duarte, A. C., Spiazzi, B. F., Zingano, C. P., Merello, E. N., Wayerbacher, L. F., Teixeira, P. P., Farenzena, L. P., de Araujo, C., Amazarray, C. R., Colpani, V., & Gerchman, F. (2022). The effects of coconut oil on the cardiometabolic profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Lipids Health Dis, 21(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-022-01685-z

Fan, L., Zhu, X., Sun, S., Yu, C., Huang, X., Ness, R., Dugan, L. L., Shu, L., Seidner, D. L., Murff, H. J., Fodor, A. A., Azcarate-Peril, M. A., Shrubsole, M. J., & Dai, Q. (2022). Ca:Mg ratio, medium-chain fatty acids, and the gut microbiome. Clin Nutr, 41(11), 2490-2499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.031

Hewlings, S. (2020). Coconuts and Health: Different Chain Lengths of Saturated Fats Require Different Consideration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd7040059

O’Brien, B. J., Bell, L. R., Hennessy, D., Denham, J., & Paton, C. D. (2023). Coconut Water: A Sports Drink Alternative? Sports (Basel), 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11090183

Saraiva, A., Carrascosa, C., Ramos, F., Raheem, D., Lopes, M., & Raposo, A. (2023). Coconut Sugar: Chemical Analysis and Nutritional Profile; Health Impacts; Safety and Quality Control; Food Industry Applications. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043671

Schwingshackl, L., & Schlesinger, S. (2023). Coconut Oil and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep, 25(5), 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-023-01098-y

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Exploring the Beneficial Properties of Probiotic and Prebiotic for the Body

Can individuals dealing with gut issues incorporate the beneficial properties of probiotics and prebiotics to improve body function?

How The Gut Works Together With The Body

When many individuals are dealing with chronic issues that are causing referred pain in their bodies, it could be an issue that is affecting their gut system. Have you experienced unpredictable food reactions that make you unable to enjoy your favorite meal or food item anymore? Do you notice any abdominal swelling after a heavy meal? Or have you been more constipated and found it difficult to go to the bathroom? This is because the gut system is the second brain of the human body. The gastrointestinal (GI) system provides many beneficial properties to the host and the human body. It helps strengthen the gut’s integrity, harvest and give energy, protect the body from foreign pathogens, and regulate the immune system. (Thursby & Juge, 2017) Inside the gut system is home to trillions of bacteria that help transport the nutrients and vitamins of food to different areas of the body. This, in turn, gives the individual the energy to be mobile and complete their daily activities.  However, environmental factors like illnesses, stress, bad dietary habits, and lifestyles can cause the gut ecosystem to undergo abnormal changes, causing gut dysbiosis. (Zhang et al., 2015)

When environmental factors impact the body, especially the gut system, the immune system produces inflammatory cytokines caused by certain bacteria. Once certain structural component bacteria strains trigger inflammation, it can cause a cascade of inflammatory pathways to affect the entire body, causing the individual to experience pain and discomfort. (Al Bander et al., 2020) Additionally, gut dysbiosis can also be associated with the occurrence of several chronic metabolic diseases that are developed. (Xiong et al., 2023) Fortunately, there are numerous ways people can reduce the impact of gut dysbiosis and help restore normal body function by including probiotics and prebiotics. We associate with certified medical providers who inform our patients of how the gut system can affect the body when environmental factors impact it. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to integrate various probiotic and prebiotic foods to help regulate healthy bacteria back to the gut and reduce pain and discomfort in the body. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.


Nutrition Fundamentals- Video


Probiotic & Prebiotic Foods For The Gut

Now, when it comes to the gut system, it is important to know that trillions of bacteria help with gut regulation. When environmental factors cause various issues, it can cause pain and discomfort to the rest of the body. Hence, incorporating probiotics and prebiotics can help regulate the gut and reduce the impact of harmful bacteria from affecting the body. As part of a healthy diet, probiotics have the potential to regulate gut microbiota by affecting the intestinal microbial dynamics and homeostasis, thus influencing the intestines and distill organs physiology. (Kim et al., 2021) Additionally, when a person is incorporating probiotics and prebiotics to regulate their gut, it can be used to help manipulate the host’s microbiota while being used for potential therapeutic strategies. (Radford-Smith & Anthony, 2023) Some of the foods that have probiotics and prebiotics include:

  • Jicama
  • Bananas
  • Garlic
  • Miso
  • Kimchi
  • Yogurt

How Probiotics & Prebiotics Improve Body Function

When people start to incorporate prebiotics and probiotics, they will notice an increased abundance of health-promoting bacteria that can increase microbiome diversity and metabolic pathways that can affect the qualitative and quantitative changes of the gut composition. (Jager et al., 2019) Different bacterial strains can have various properties that can help with the gastrointestinal microbiome diversity and improve the body through metabolic support.

Conclusion

So, when people think about their health and wellness, the best place to start is with the gut by adding prebiotics and probiotics as part of a healthy diet. This, in turn, can help the loss of beneficial bacteria that have been affected by environmental factors and can help reduce the inflammatory effects of chronic illnesses. Making these small changes can be helpful to one’s health and well-being and allow many people to come up with tasty food combinations to improve gut health and metabolic pathways.


References

Al Bander, Z., Nitert, M. D., Mousa, A., & Naderpoor, N. (2020). The Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: An Overview. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207618

Jager, R., Mohr, A. E., Carpenter, K. C., Kerksick, C. M., Purpura, M., Moussa, A., Townsend, J. R., Lamprecht, M., West, N. P., Black, K., Gleeson, M., Pyne, D. B., Wells, S. D., Arent, S. M., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Kreider, R. B., Campbell, B. I., Bannock, L., Scheiman, J.,…Antonio, J. (2019). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 16(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-019-0329-0

Kim, C. S., Cha, L., Sim, M., Jung, S., Chun, W. Y., Baik, H. W., & Shin, D. M. (2021). Probiotic Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function and Mood with Changes in Gut Microbiota in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 76(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa090

Radford-Smith, D. E., & Anthony, D. C. (2023). Prebiotic and Probiotic Modulation of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Depression. Nutrients, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081880

Thursby, E., & Juge, N. (2017). Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J, 474(11), 1823-1836. https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20160510

Xiong, R. G., Li, J., Cheng, J., Zhou, D. D., Wu, S. X., Huang, S. Y., Saimaiti, A., Yang, Z. J., Gan, R. Y., & Li, H. B. (2023). The Role of Gut Microbiota in Anxiety, Depression, and Other Mental Disorders as Well as the Protective Effects of Dietary Components. Nutrients, 15(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143258

Zhang, Y. J., Li, S., Gan, R. Y., Zhou, T., Xu, D. P., & Li, H. B. (2015). Impacts of gut bacteria on human health and diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 16(4), 7493-7519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16047493

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Miso: A Superfood with Beneficial Properities for Your Well-Being

Can individuals incorporate miso into their diets to improve their gut health and utilize its beneficial properties?

What Is Miso?

As the weather starts to get colder, many people start thinking about making soups, stews, and hot foods. However, when it comes to a person’s health and wellness, many people wonder what to add to their soups while adding many nutritional foods and proteins that can make them not only flavorful but also add beneficial properties to their diet. Why not add miso? Miso is fermented soybean paste, a rice-based food product in Japan that is a staple cooking product. (Saeed et al., 2022) Additionally, since miso is a soybean product, many people incorporate it into their soups as it contributes to many health benefits to Japanese-style diets and can even enhance various dishes. (Ito, 2020) At the same time, many people who start to incorporate miso as part of their diet will notice some beneficial results in their gut system. We associate with certified medical providers who inform our patients of the benefits of incorporating miso into a nutritional diet. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to integrate ways to add miso to their foods and help reduce bad bacterial growth in their gut system. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.

Types Of Miso

Miso can come in various types depending on how long it has been left to be fermented and its ingredients to see what color and flavor intensity will be put into the cooking. All miso products are in paste form and can be paired well with any protein like chicken, meat, and fish. The types of miso include:

  • White miso (Shiro miso): Mildest, sweet, less salty
  • Yellow miso (Shinshu miso): Mild, earthier, more acidic
  • Red miso (Aka miso): Salty, slightly bitter
  • Brown rice miso (Genmai miso): Sweet, mild, earthy
  • Barley miso (Mugi miso): Mild, earthy, not gluten-free

Miso Nutritional Facts

When it comes to the nutritional facts of miso, one tablespoon of miso contains about:

  • 1 tbsp of miso: 17g
  • Calories: 34
  • Total Fats: 1g
  • Cholesterol: 0mg
  • Sodium: 634mg
  • Total Carbohydrates: 4.3g
  • Protein: 2.2g

It is important to note that a bit of miso goes a long way due to its high sodium content and its various vitamins and nutrients.


Eat Right To Feel Better- Video


Beneficial Properties of Miso

When it comes to the beneficial properties of miso, it has numerous benefits that can help the body provide the nutrients it needs to fuel. Since miso is a fermented seasoning, it is rich in nutrients and has probiotic microorganisms that can help propagate healthy good bacteria to the gut while enhancing the immune system. (Paul et al., 2023) Additionally, when consumed daily, miso can help improve skin moisture, stimulate ceramides, have an anti-hypertensive effect, and many other beneficial effects. (Kotake et al., 2022)

Improves Gut Health

Since miso is a probiotic, it can help many individuals with gut issues since the gut system has trillions of bacteria that activate and mediate the body. (de Vos et al., 2022) Many people don’t realize that the gut is known as the second brain, and when environmental factors start to affect the gut, it can cause many health problems. So, adding miso can help influence good bacteria to reduce harmful bacteria and directly influence the epithelial immune cells of the GI tract. (Wieers et al., 2019)

Incorporating Miso In Your Diet

Since miso has a sweet/salty flavor, it can be used in various recipes. It can be taken in small amounts depending on the individual’s taste and what ingredients many people use for their cooking. At the same time, if a person is on a low-sodium diet, limiting the intake or avoiding it if they have a food allergy to soy is best. Making small changes and adding healthy nutritional substitutes to food can help many people live healthier.


References

de Vos, W. M., Tilg, H., Van Hul, M., & Cani, P. D. (2022). Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights. Gut, 71(5), 1020-1032. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326789

Ito, K. (2020). Review of the health benefits of habitual consumption of miso soup: focus on the effects on sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, and heart rate. Environ Health Prev Med, 25(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00883-4

Kotake, K., Kumazawa, T., Nakamura, K., Shimizu, Y., Ayabe, T., & Adachi, T. (2022). Ingestion of miso regulates immunological robustness in mice. PLOS ONE, 17(1), e0261680. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261680

Paul, A. K., Lim, C. L., Apu, M. A. I., Dolma, K. G., Gupta, M., de Lourdes Pereira, M., Wilairatana, P., Rahmatullah, M., Wiart, C., & Nissapatorn, V. (2023). Are Fermented Foods Effective against Inflammatory Diseases? Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032481

Saeed, F., Afzaal, M., Shah, Y. A., Khan, M. H., Hussain, M., Ikram, A., Ateeq, H., Noman, M., Saewan, S. A., & Khashroum, A. O. (2022). Miso: A traditional nutritious & health-endorsing fermented product. Food Sci Nutr, 10(12), 4103-4111. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3029

Wieers, G., Belkhir, L., Enaud, R., Leclercq, S., Philippart de Foy, J. M., Dequenne, I., de Timary, P., & Cani, P. D. (2019). How Probiotics Affect the Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 9, 454. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00454

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