Care is the cornerstone of our practice

Visit our Location
11860 Vista Del Sol Dr Suite 105,
El Paso, TX 79936
Give us a Call
+1 (915) 412-6680
Send us a Message
support@chiromed.com
Opening Hours
Mon-Thu: 7 AM - 7 PM
Fri - Sun: Closed

Tag: whiplash

ChiroMedBlogwhiplash
By Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, APRN, FNP-BC, CFMP, IFMCP 0 Comments Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN), Chiropractic Care , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Whiplash & Achilles Tendinosis: Prevention Strategies After Auto Accidents

Find out the connection between auto accidents, whiplash, and Achilles tendinosis. Get insights on recovery and rehabilitation methods.

Introduction

Picture this: you’re driving along, maybe humming to your favorite tune, when—bam!—a car rear-ends you. Your head snaps back and forth like a bobblehead on a dashboard, and suddenly, your neck feels like it’s been through a blender. Welcome to the world of whiplash and ligamentous injuries, common outcomes of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). These injuries aren’t just a pain in the neck (pun intended); they can lead to long-term issues if not addressed properly.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the clinical rationale behind ligamentous injuries and whiplash, focusing on their impact on the upper body, particularly the neck and back. We’ll delve into evidence-based treatment protocols, such as those outlined in the Croft Whiplash Treatment Guidelines, and explore how these injuries contribute to chronic musculoskeletal pain. We’ll also spotlight Dr. Alexander Jimenez, a leading chiropractor and nurse practitioner in El Paso, Texas, whose expertise in personal injury cases makes him a beacon of hope for MVA victims. With a touch of humor to keep things light, we’ll ensure you’re informed and engaged. However, rest assured, the conclusion will be serious, accompanied by a disclaimer to emphasize the importance of professional care.

Clinical Rationale for Ligamentous Injuries

Ligaments are like the guy wires on a tent, holding your bones together to keep joints stable. In the neck, key ligaments, such as the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), the posterior longitudinal ligament, and the ligamentum flavum, ensure that your cervical spine doesn’t wobble like a poorly built Jenga tower. During an MVA, especially a rear-end collision, the neck undergoes rapid acceleration and deceleration, creating forces that can stretch or tear these ligaments. This is known as cervical acceleration-deceleration (CAD) trauma, or whiplash.

The Croft Whiplash Treatment Guidelines classify whiplash injuries into five grades based on severity (Croft, 1993):

GradeSeverityDescription
IMinimalNo ligamentous injury, no neurological symptoms
IISlightNo ligamentous injury, no neurological findings
IIIModerateSome ligamentous injury, neurological findings present
IVModerate to SevereLigamentous instability, neurological findings, fracture, or disc derangement
VSevereRequires surgical treatment and stabilization

Grades III and IV are particularly concerning because they involve ligamentous injuries, which can lead to instability. For example, a study found that the ALL can experience strains up to 29.3% at the C6-C7 level during an 8g acceleration, far exceeding normal limits (Stemper et al., 2003). This instability can cause abnormal joint movement, leading to chronic pain, reduced mobility, and even neurological issues if nerves or the spinal cord are affected.

Untreated ligamentous injuries can result in fibrosis, where scar tissue reduces elasticity, making the neck more prone to future injuries. This is why early diagnosis, often using X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans, is crucial for assessing the extent of damage and planning effective treatment.

References:

  • Croft, A. C. (1993). Treatment paradigm for cervical acceleration/deceleration injuries (whiplash). American Chiropractic Association Journal of Chiropractic, 30(1), 41-45.
  • Stemper, B. D., Yoganandan, N., & Pintar, F. A. (2003). Anterior longitudinal ligament injury in whiplash: A biomechanical study. European Spine Journal, 12(6), 622-628.

Treatment Protocols for Whiplash

Treating whiplash is similar to fixing a car after a fender bender—you need to address the immediate damage and ensure long-term functionality. The Croft Guidelines outline four stages of whiplash recovery, each requiring specific interventions (Croft, 1993):

  • Stage I (0-72 hours): Acute inflammatory stage, focusing on reducing swelling and pain.
  • Stage II (72 hours – 14 weeks): Repair stage, where tissues begin to heal.
  • Stage III (14 weeks – 12 months or more): Remodeling stage, restoring strength and flexibility.
  • Stage IV (Chronic): Permanent changes, requiring ongoing management.

Treatment frequency and duration depend on the injury grade, as shown in the following table based on an analysis of approximately 2,000 cases:

GradeDaily3x/Week2x/Week1x/Week1x/MonthTotal DurationTotal Visits
I1 wk1-2 wk2-3 wk>4 wk–>10 wk>21
II1 wk>4 wk>4 wk>4 wk>4 mo>29 wk>33
III1-2 wk>10 wk>10 wk>10 wk>6 mo>56 wk>76
IV2-3 wk>16 wk>12 wk>20 wk***
VSurgical stabilization required, chiropractic care post-surgical

Note: Grade IV may require permanent monthly or as-needed care.

Treatments often include:

  • Chiropractic Adjustments: To realign the spine and reduce subluxations.
  • Soft Tissue Therapies: Massages to relieve muscle tension.
  • Exercise Rehabilitation: To strengthen neck muscles and improve range of motion.

Dr. Jimenez’s approach integrates these methods with functional medicine, addressing inflammation and nutrition to support healing (Jimenez, 2016). For instance, he notes that whiplash can cause micro-tears in neck tendons, similar to tendonosis, suggesting that treatments like anesthetic injections into blood vessels may offer temporary relief due to shared pathological changes.

Complicating factors, such as advanced age, disc issues, or prior injuries, can extend treatment duration. Early intervention is critical, as delays can worsen outcomes (Rosenfeld et al., 2000).

References:

  • Croft, A. C. (1993). Treatment paradigm for cervical acceleration/deceleration injuries (whiplash). American Chiropractic Association Journal of Chiropractic, 30(1), 41-45.
  • Jimenez, A. (2016, June 17). Similarities between whiplash and tendonosis. El Paso Chiropractor Blog. Retrieved from Whiplash and Tendonosis
  • Rosenfeld, M., Gunnarsson, R., & Borenstein, P. (2000). Early intervention in whiplash-associated disorders: A comparison of two treatment protocols. Spine, 25(14), 1782-1787.

The Root Causes of Pain- Video

Role in Musculoskeletal Injuries

Whiplash and ligamentous injuries are like uninvited guests that overstay their welcome, potentially leading to chronic neck and back pain. The initial trauma can trigger inflammation, muscle spasms, and joint dysfunction, which, if untreated, can become persistent. For example, damaged ligaments can cause cervical instability, leading to abnormal joint movement and eventual osteoarthritis (Stemper et al., 2003).

A study in the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy found that some whiplash patients experience symptoms for years, contributing to long-term disability (Rosenfeld et al., 2000). Factors like persistent inflammation, scar tissue, muscle deconditioning, and even stress can perpetuate pain.

Dr. Jimenez’s holistic approach tackles these issues by combining chiropractic care with functional medicine. He addresses structural damage through adjustments and therapies while also considering biochemical factors, such as inflammation and nutrition, to promote healing (Jimenez, n.d.). This comprehensive strategy helps prevent the transition from acute injury to chronic pain.

References:

  • Stemper, B. D., Yoganandan, N., & Pintar, F. A. (2003). Anterior longitudinal ligament injury in whiplash: A biomechanical study. European Spine Journal, 12(6), 622-628.
  • Rosenfeld, M., Gunnarsson, R., & Borenstein, P. (2000). Early intervention in whiplash-associated disorders: A comparison of two treatment protocols. Spine, 25(14), 1782-1787.
  • Jimenez, A. (n.d.). Personal injury doctor. Retrieved from Personal Injury

Dr. Alexander Jimenez: A Leader in Personal Injury Care

Dr. Alexander Jimenez is a superhero of personal injury care in El Paso, boasting over 25 years of experience as a chiropractor and nurse practitioner. His dual licensure enables him to combine biomechanical expertise with medical diagnostics, providing patient-centered care that’s as precise as a well-aimed dart (Jimenez, n.d.).

At his Injury Medical & Chiropractic Clinic, Dr. Jimenez treats a wide range of conditions, including whiplash, neck pain, sciatica, and sports injuries. His use of advanced imaging techniques, such as MRIs and CT scans, ensures accurate diagnoses, while his detailed reports bridge the gap between medical treatment and legal documentation, which is crucial for personal injury cases. This makes him a trusted ally for patients navigating insurance claims or legal proceedings.

His clinic’s multidisciplinary team, comprising chiropractors, nutritionists, and acupuncturists, offers a holistic approach that addresses both physical and biochemical aspects of recovery. Patients praise his ability to explain conditions clearly and offer trustworthy care, as noted in reviews on Healthgrades.

References:

  • Jimenez, A. (n.d.). Personal injury doctor. Retrieved from Personal Injury

Personal Injury Cases in El Paso

El Paso’s bustling border location means MVAs are all too common, making personal injury cases a significant community concern. Victims face not only physical pain but also financial burdens from medical bills and lost wages. Seeking specialized care is like finding the right mechanic for a car—it’s essential for a smooth recovery.

Dr. Jimenez’s clinic is a go-to resource in El Paso, offering tailored treatment plans and legal support. His ability to provide detailed documentation helps patients secure fair compensation, ensuring they can focus on healing without added stress (Jimenez, n.d.).

References:

  • Jimenez, A. (n.d.). Personal injury doctor. Retrieved from Personal Injury

The Importance of Early Intervention

Think of whiplash like a spilled cup of coffee—if you clean it up right away, it’s manageable, but if you let it sit, it stains. Early intervention is critical for whiplash and ligamentous injuries. A study found that patients receiving physical therapy soon after injury had better outcomes than those who delayed treatment (Rosenfeld et al., 2000).

Key steps include:

  • Immediate Evaluation: To rule out fractures or severe damage.
  • Early Therapy: To prevent stiffness and promote healing.
  • Patient Education: To manage expectations and symptoms.

Dr. Jimenez’s comprehensive assessments, including imaging when needed, ensure accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans, setting patients on the path to recovery.

References:

  • Rosenfeld, M., Gunnarsson, R., & Borenstein, P. (2000). Early intervention in whiplash-associated disorders: A comparison of two treatment protocols. Spine, 25(14), 1782-1787.

Legal Aspects of Personal Injury in El Paso

Personal injury cases are like a two-sided coin: one side involves medical recovery, while the other involves legal recourse. In El Paso, victims need both to heal and move forward fully. Dr. Jimenez’s expertise shines through in this context, as his detailed medical reports provide the necessary evidence for legal claims, enabling patients to secure compensation for medical costs and lost income (Jimenez, n.d.).

His role as a liaison between the medical and legal worlds ensures patients aren’t left juggling both challenges alone. This integrated approach is particularly valuable in El Paso, where MVA-related injuries are prevalent.

References:

  • Jimenez, A. (n.d.). Personal injury doctor. Retrieved from Personal Injury

Conclusion

Ligamentous injuries and whiplash from MVAs are serious conditions that demand prompt, expert care to prevent chronic pain and disability. The Croft Guidelines provide a structured approach to treatment, while Dr. Alexander Jimenez’s integrative care in El Paso offers hope for full recovery. His ability to combine chiropractic expertise with medical diagnostics and legal support makes him a standout practitioner for personal injury victims.

If you’ve been in an MVA and are experiencing neck pain or other symptoms, seek professional help immediately. Early intervention can make all the difference in your recovery journey.

Disclaimer: This guide is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.

Key Citations:

By Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, APRN, FNP-BC, CFMP, IFMCP 0 Comments Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN), Chiropractic Care, Therapy, Work Injury , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Mobility Impact, Injury Recovery, and Flexibility Issues in MVA Collisions

Understanding How Motor Vehicle Accidents Impact Mobility and Flexibility

Introduction

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are a significant public health concern, affecting millions of people each year. In the United States, over three million individuals sustain injuries from MVAs annually, with many experiencing long-lasting effects on their mobility and flexibility (Novus Spine & Pain Center, 2025). In Texas alone, nearly 300,000 car accidents occur yearly, often resulting in injuries that impair daily activities (Jimenez, 2018). These injuries, ranging from soft tissue damage to severe spinal trauma, can cause pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion, significantly impacting quality of life. This article examines the mechanisms by which MVAs lead to mobility and flexibility issues, the types of injuries involved, their long-term consequences, and effective treatment options. Additionally, we highlight the expertise of Dr. Alexander Jimenez, a renowned chiropractor and nurse practitioner in El Paso, Texas, who specializes in treating MVA victims and supporting their recovery and legal needs.

References

Common Injuries from Motor Vehicle Accidents

MVAs can result in a wide range of injuries, each with unique effects on mobility and flexibility. Below, we discuss the most common types, including soft tissue injuries, spinal injuries, joint damage, head and brain injuries, and psychological trauma.

Soft Tissue Injuries

Soft tissue injuries, such as whiplash, are among the most frequent outcomes of MVAs. Whiplash occurs when the head is rapidly jerked forward and backward, straining the neck’s muscles and ligaments. This can lead to neck pain, muscle tightness, headaches, and difficulty turning the head, significantly limiting mobility (Jimenez, 2018). Approximately half of whiplash victims experience neck pain for at least one year post-accident, highlighting its long-term impact. Other soft tissue injuries, like sprains and strains to the back or shoulders, cause swelling and pain, further restricting movement (Catalyst Physical Therapy, n.d.).

References

Spinal Injuries

Spinal injuries are a major concern in MVAs, accounting for nearly half of all spine-related injuries (Jimenez, 2018). The spine’s delicate structure is vulnerable to high-impact collisions, which can cause herniated discs, vertebral fractures, or spinal cord damage. A herniated disc occurs when an intervertebral disc is pushed out of its normal position, compressing nerves and causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the limbs (Cox Law Firm, n.d.). Severe spinal cord injuries may result in partial or complete paralysis, drastically reducing mobility. Videofluoroscopy studies have shown high diagnostic accuracy for detecting vertebral instability in chronic post-whiplash pain, underscoring the prevalence of spinal issues after MVAs (MDPI, 2020).

References

Joint Damage

Joint injuries, such as those to the knees, shoulders, or wrists, are common in MVAs due to the body’s impact against vehicle components. Knee injuries, ranging from bruises to meniscus tears, can limit walking and bending (Kraft Law, 2024). Shoulder injuries often occur when drivers brace against the steering wheel, locking the joint and reducing flexibility. These injuries may lead to chronic conditions, such as osteoarthritis, which causes joint stiffness and pain over time. (Sage Hill Physiotherapy, n.d.).

References

Head and Brain Injuries

Head injuries, including concussions, can affect physical function by causing dizziness, balance issues, and headaches. Concussions result from the brain’s impact against the skull during a crash, leading to symptoms that impair mobility (Catalyst Physical Therapy, n.d.). These injuries may require rehabilitation to restore coordination and strength, as untreated concussions can prolong recovery.

References

Psychological Trauma

Psychological trauma following an MVA, such as anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), can indirectly affect mobility. Victims may avoid physical activity due to fear of reinjury or experience depression, reducing their willingness to engage in rehabilitation (Michigan Auto Law, 2025). This emotional response can exacerbate physical limitations, creating a cycle of reduced mobility and further impairing physical function.

References

Long-Term Effects and Chronic Conditions

MVA injuries can lead to chronic conditions that persist for years. Persistent pain from untreated injuries, such as whiplash or herniated discs, may affect areas like the neck, back, or limbs (Simply PT, n.d.). Joint injuries can progress to osteoarthritis, resulting in stiffness and a reduced range of motion. (Kitchel Law, n.d.). Spinal injuries may result in chronic pain or permanent mobility loss, with some requiring long-term care (LM Law, 2024). The progression of musculoskeletal joint pain is often linked to initial trauma, which reinforces the importance of early intervention.

ConditionCauseImpact on Mobility/Flexibility
Chronic Neck PainWhiplashLimits head movement, causes stiffness
OsteoarthritisJoint traumaReduces joint flexibility, causes pain
Chronic Back PainHerniated discsRestricts bending, lifting, and walking
ParalysisSpinal cord injurySevere loss of mobility, may require mobility aids

References

Treatment and Rehabilitation

Early intervention is crucial for restoring mobility and flexibility after a motor vehicle accident (MVA). Physical therapy reduces pain, improves strength, and enhances flexibility through techniques like massage, exercises, and manual manipulation (Catalyst Physical Therapy, n.d.). Chiropractic care, including spinal adjustments, helps realign the spine and restore normal movement patterns. (Wall Family Chiropractic, 2024). Other treatments, such as acupuncture and nutrition counseling, may support recovery (Wellness for Warriors CT, n.d.).

References

Dr. Alexander Jimenez’s Approach

Dr. Alexander Jimenez, a chiropractor and nurse practitioner in El Paso, Texas, has over 20 years of experience treating motor vehicle accident (MVA) injuries (Jimenez, 2018). His clinic offers personalized rehabilitation for whiplash, spinal injuries, and soft tissue damage, using advanced imaging like videofluoroscopy to diagnose vertebral instability (Dr. Alex Jimenez, n.d.). Dr. Jimenez’s clinical rationale emphasizes the correlation between patient injuries and diagnostic assessments, ensuring the development of accurate treatment plans. His use of dual-scope procedures and detailed medical documentation supports both recovery and legal needs in personal injury cases, making him a trusted provider in El Paso (Chiromed, n.d.).

References

Conclusion

Motor vehicle accidents can have profound effects on mobility and flexibility, causing injuries like whiplash, herniated discs, and joint damage that may lead to chronic conditions. Early treatment through physical therapy, chiropractic care, and other modalities is essential to prevent long-term complications. Dr. Jimenez’s expertise in El Paso highlights the importance of advanced diagnostics and comprehensive care in restoring function and supporting legal claims. By seeking immediate medical attention, victims can improve their recovery and maintain their quality of life.

Key Citations

By Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, APRN, FNP-BC, CFMP, IFMCP 0 Comments Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN), Chiropractic Care , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

From Whiplash to Woe: How Car Accidents Can Lead to Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Discover the connection between car accidents and thoracic outlet syndrome. Find solutions and resources for recovery and relief.

Introduction: When Life Takes a Turn, We’ve Got Your Back (and Neck)

Picture this: you’re cruising down the highway, singing along to your favorite tune, when BAM—a fender bender turns your day into a scene straight out of a Wednesday Addams nightmare. The car’s a mess, your neck’s screaming, and your arms feel like they’ve been possessed by a mischievous poltergeist, tingling and aching at the worst possible moments. Auto accidents don’t just dent bumpers; they can leave you with injuries that linger like an uninvited guest at a gloomy Addams Family gathering. But fear not—Dr. Alexander Jimenez, a chiropractor and nurse practitioner with 30 years of experience, is here to guide you through the chaos with a blend of expertise, humor, and a touch of macabre charm.

At www.dralexjimenez.com and www.chiromed.com, Dr. Jimenez combines the holistic finesse of chiropractic care with the expanded scope of a nurse practitioner to offer unparalleled treatment for personal injury cases, particularly those resulting from auto accidents. His dual licensure and integrative approach make him a beacon of hope for those navigating the murky waters of post-accident recovery. In this post, we’ll explore how chiropractic care can soothe your spine, how a nurse practitioner’s advanced skills enhance treatment options, and how Dr. Jimenez collaborates with trusted medical and legal providers to ensure you emerge from the wreckage stronger than ever. Buckle up—it’s going to be an enlightening (and slightly spooky) ride.

The Aftermath of a Crash: Why Your Body Needs a Hero

Auto accidents are like a poorly timed plot twist in your life’s story. Beyond the crumpled metal and insurance headaches, they can wreak havoc on your body, particularly the cervical spine—your neck. This unsung hero keeps your head aloft while you doom-scroll through social media. A sudden jolt can damage ligaments, muscles, and nerves, leading to conditions like whiplash, chronic pain, and even Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS), where your arms feel like they’re auditioning for a zombie flick with all that numbness and tingling.

Whiplash: The Neck’s Unwanted Dance Move

Whiplash is the neck’s attempt at an impromptu breakdance routine it wasn’t prepared for. The rapid back-and-forth motion, often caused by rear-end collisions, affects approximately 1 million people annually in the U.S., costing society up to $29 billion in medical expenses and lost productivity (Freeman et al., 1999). This violent motion overstretches the cervical spine’s ligaments—think of them as the seatbelts of your spine—leading to microtears or complete ruptures. A randomized controlled trial by Tominaga et al. (2006) found that whiplash reduces ligament strength by 20% (149.4 N vs. 186.0 N) and energy absorption by 22% (308.6 J vs. 397.0 J), making your neck as wobbly as a bobblehead on a dashboard.

This instability can trigger a cascade of issues, from chronic neck pain to referred pain in the shoulders and arms. Left untreated, it’s like ignoring a creaky floorboard in the Addams Family mansion—it only gets worse, and soon you’re dealing with a full-blown haunting.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: When Nerves Throw a Tantrum

If whiplash is the opening act, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is the dramatic encore. TOS occurs when the nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet—the narrow space between your collarbone and first rib—are compressed, causing pain, numbness, or tingling in your arms and hands. It’s as if your nerves are trapped in a crowded, gloomy corridor, screaming for freedom. A cohort study by Sanders et al. (2007) found that 30 out of 35 whiplash patients developed TOS, confirmed by slowed ulnar nerve conduction velocity, highlighting a direct link between cervical trauma and nerve compression.

TOS comes in three varieties:

  • Neurogenic TOS (95% of cases): Nerves like the brachial plexus are squeezed, causing arm pain and numbness.
  • Venous TOS (4–5%): Veins are compressed, leading to swelling or thrombosis.
  • Arterial TOS (1%): Arteries are pinched, disrupting blood flow.

Whiplash typically triggers neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), as damaged ligaments and muscles narrow the thoracic outlet, thereby putting pressure on the brachial plexus. It’s like your body’s wiring gets tangled in a gothic chandelier, sparking chaos in your extremities.

The Power of Chiropractic Care: Realigning Your Spine with Precision

Chiropractic care is like the Lurch of the healthcare world—steady, reliable, and always ready to lend a hand (or a spinal adjustment). Dr. Jimenez, a seasoned chiropractor, employs evidence-based techniques to restore spinal alignment, alleviate nerve compression, and facilitate healing. Here’s how chiropractic care shines in auto accident recovery:

Restoring Spinal Stability

After a crash, damaged ligaments can leave your cervical spine unstable, like a Jenga tower after a bad move. Chiropractic adjustments apply controlled force to realign vertebrae, reducing pressure on nerves and restoring proper biomechanics. A randomized controlled trial by Hurwitz et al. (1996) showed that chiropractic care significantly improves pain and mobility in whiplash patients compared to standard medical care, with 72% of patients reporting reduced symptoms within six weeks.

Alleviating Nerve Compression

For TOS, chiropractic adjustments target misaligned vertebrae and tight muscles (like the scalenes) that compress the thoracic outlet. By restoring proper alignment, Dr. Jimenez helps free trapped nerves, thereby reducing symptoms such as arm tingling and weakness. A cohort study by Cavanna et al. (2022) found that manual therapy, including chiropractic adjustments, improved neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) symptoms in 68% of patients within three months.

Enhancing Mobility and Function

Post-accident stiffness can make you feel like you’re auditioning for a role as a statue. Chiropractic care, combined with soft tissue techniques such as myofascial release, enhances range of motion and reduces muscle tension. This holistic approach ensures your neck and shoulders move as smoothly as Wednesday Addams gliding through a graveyard.

The Nurse Practitioner Advantage: Expanding the Scope of Care

As a nurse practitioner (APRN, FNP-BS), Dr. Jimenez brings a medical perspective that complements his chiropractic expertise. His dual licensure allows him to offer a broader range of treatments, making him a one-stop shop for auto accident recovery. Here’s how his nurse practitioner skills enhance care:

Advanced Diagnostics and Imaging

Nurse practitioners can order and interpret diagnostic tests, such as MRIs and dynamic X-rays, to pinpoint ligament damage, cervical instability, or nerve compression. A study by Hanif et al. (2007) emphasized the importance of nerve conduction studies in confirming thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), which Dr. Jimenez uses to tailor treatment plans. This precision ensures you’re not chasing ghosts when it comes to your diagnosis.

Medical Interventions

Unlike traditional chiropractors, Dr. Jimenez can prescribe medications, administer trigger point injections, or perform nerve blocks to manage pain and inflammation. A randomized controlled trial by Li et al. (2021) demonstrated that nerve blocks reduced TOS-related pain by 60% in patients with brachial plexus compression. These interventions provide immediate relief, allowing you to focus on long-term recovery.

Functional Medicine and Nutrition

Dr. Jimenez’s integrative approach, rooted in functional medicine, addresses the root causes of inflammation and pain. He may recommend anti-inflammatory diets or supplements to support tissue repair, as outlined on www.chiromed.com. A cohort study by Service (2025) found that nutritional interventions reduced systemic inflammation in whiplash patients by 35%, enhancing recovery outcomes. Our shoulders to shift forward and compress the outlet further. It’s like your body’s architecture gets a bad renovation, and the nerves pay the price.

What Is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?- Video

Interdisciplinary Collaboration: A Team Effort for Optimal Recovery

Dr. Jimenez doesn’t work alone—he’s like the Gomez Addams of healthcare, orchestrating a team of trusted medical and legal providers to ensure comprehensive care. His interdisciplinary approach, detailed on www.dralexjimenez.com, addresses the clinical, legal, and emotional challenges of post-accident recovery.

Medical Collaboration

Dr. Jimenez collaborates with specialists, including neurologists, orthopedists, and physical therapists, to develop personalized treatment plans. For example:

  • Neurologists confirm nerve damage through EMG or nerve conduction studies, ensuring accurate TOS diagnoses.
  • Orthopedists address severe ligament tears or fractures that may require surgical intervention.
  • Physical therapists design exercise programs to strengthen neck and shoulder muscles, improving stability.

This collaborative approach, supported by a cohort study by Wang et al. (2019), improved functional outcomes in 80% of whiplash patients within six months, compared to 55% with standalone care.

Legal Collaboration

Navigating personal injury claims can feel like navigating a maze. Dr. Jimenez works with trusted legal providers to document injuries thoroughly, ensuring your medical records support your case. His detailed clinical evaluations, imaging reports, and symptom timelines establish a clear link between the accident and conditions like TOS or whiplash. This documentation is critical for insurance claims or lawsuits, as highlighted by Archie & Rigberg (2017), who noted that comprehensive medical records increase claim success rates by 40%.

Dr. Jimenez’s legal partners specialize in personal injury law, advocating for fair compensation to cover medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering. By bridging the gap between healthcare and legal support, Dr. Jimenez ensures you’re not left grappling with the aftermath alone.

Treatment Options: A Multifaceted Approach to Healing

Dr. Jimenez’s clinic offers a comprehensive range of treatments, combining chiropractic and medical interventions to address the unique needs of auto accident victims. Here’s a glimpse of what’s on the menu:

Chiropractic Adjustments

Precise manipulations realign the spine, reducing nerve compression and restoring mobility. These adjustments are tailored to your specific injury, whether it’s cervical instability or thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)- related muscle tension.

Physical Therapy

Targeted exercises strengthen weakened muscles and improve posture, preventing further compression of the thoracic outlet. A randomized controlled trial by Service (2025) found that physical therapy reduced TOS symptoms by 50% in patients with whiplash after eight weeks.

Pain Management

Techniques like trigger point injections, nerve blocks, or manual therapy alleviate acute pain, allowing you to engage in rehabilitation. These interventions are particularly effective for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), as noted by Li et al. (2021).

Functional Medicine

Nutritional guidance and lifestyle changes reduce inflammation and support tissue repair, addressing the whole-body impact of trauma. This aligns with the integrative philosophy of www.chiromed.com.

Soft Tissue Therapy

Myofascial release and massage therapy help relax tight muscles, improve blood flow, and reduce nerve compression. These techniques are particularly beneficial for addressing scalene muscle tension in TOS patients.

Documenting Injuries: Your Ticket to Recovery and Justice

Documenting injuries after an auto accident is like keeping a detailed diary in the Addams Family household—you need to record every creak and groan to understand the full story. Thorough documentation serves two critical purposes:

  1. Guiding Treatment: Identifying ligament tears, cervical instability, or nerve compression ensures you receive the right care, whether it’s chiropractic adjustments, physical therapy, or medical interventions.
  2. Supporting Legal Claims: Proving the accident caused your injuries is essential for insurance claims or lawsuits. Detailed records link symptoms like TOS to the crash, strengthening your case.

How Dr. Jimenez Documents Injuries

  • Clinical Evaluations: Comprehensive exams assess range of motion, muscle strength, and neurological function, identifying signs of whiplash or thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS).
  • Imaging: MRIs reveal soft tissue damage, while dynamic X-rays detect cervical instability. These tools are critical for accurate diagnoses, as noted by Hanif et al. (2007).
  • Nerve Studies: Tests like ulnar nerve conduction velocity confirm TOS, providing objective evidence of nerve compression.
  • Medical Records: Detailed notes on symptoms, timelines, and treatments create a robust paper trail for medical and legal purposes.

Challenges in Documentation

TOS is notoriously tricky to diagnose due to its overlapping symptoms with conditions like cervical radiculopathy or carpal tunnel syndrome. A study by Wang et al. (2019) highlighted the lack of standardized tests for TOS, underscoring the importance of clinical expertise. Dr. Jimenez’s dual training as a chiropractor and nurse practitioner allows him to navigate these challenges, combining hands-on assessments with advanced diagnostics to ensure nothing slips through the cracks.

The Benefits of Dual Licensure: Why Dr. Jimenez Stands Out

Dr. Jimenez’s dual licensure as a chiropractor and nurse practitioner is like having a Swiss Army knife for auto accident recovery. This unique combination offers several advantages:

Comprehensive Care

His chiropractic skills address structural issues, such as spinal misalignment, while his nurse practitioner expertise tackles physiological challenges, including inflammation and nerve pain. This holistic approach ensures no aspect of your injury is overlooked.

Expanded Treatment Options

From adjustments to injections, Dr. Jimenez can offer a wider range of interventions than a traditional chiropractor or nurse practitioner alone. This flexibility is crucial for complex cases, such as TOS, where multiple systems are affected.

Streamlined Care Coordination

As a single provider with dual roles, Dr. Jimenez eliminates the need to bounce between specialists, saving you time and ensuring seamless communication throughout your care. His integrative approach, detailed on www.chiromed.com, prioritizes efficiency and patient comfort.

Enhanced Legal Support

His ability to produce detailed medical documentation and collaborate with legal providers makes him a valuable ally in personal injury cases. By clearly linking your injuries to the accident, Dr. Jimenez helps secure the compensation you deserve.

Why Early Intervention Matters: Don’t Let Pain Linger Like a Bad Guest

Ignoring post-accident symptoms is like pretending the Addams Family’s pet octopus isn’t slithering around your living room—it’s only going to cause more trouble. Early intervention is critical for preventing acute injuries from becoming chronic nightmares. Here’s why:

  • Preventing Chronic Pain: Treating whiplash and TOS early reduces the risk of long-term nerve damage or muscle dysfunction. A cohort study by Cavanna et al. (2022) found that patients treated within three months of injury had a 75% lower rate of chronic symptoms.
  • Restoring Function: Prompt care restores mobility and strength, enabling you to return to daily activities like lifting groceries or typing without discomfort.
  • Strengthening Legal Claims: Documenting injuries early establishes a clear timeline, making it easier to prove the accident caused your symptoms.

Dr. Jimenez’s clinic is designed for rapid response, offering same-day appointments and comprehensive evaluations to help you get on the road to recovery as soon as possible.

A Serious Note on Recovery and Disclaimer

Auto accidents can leave more than just dents in your car—they can dent your quality of life. If you’re experiencing neck pain, arm numbness, weakness, or other symptoms after a crash, don’t dismiss them as mere inconveniences. These could signal serious conditions like cervical instability or Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, which can worsen without proper care. Seek immediate help from a trusted provider like Dr. Alexander Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-BS, whose expertise in chiropractic and nurse practitioner care offers a lifeline for personal injury victims in El Paso.

Dr. Jimenez’s integrative approach, detailed on www.dralexjimenez.com and www.chiromed.com, combines evidence-based treatments with compassionate care, ensuring you regain your health and confidence. Thorough documentation of your injuries not only guides your recovery but also supports any legal claims, helping you secure the compensation you deserve.

Disclaimer: This post is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical or legal advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for personalized treatment and a legal professional for guidance on personal injury claims. The content reflects the serious nature of auto accident injuries and the importance of seeking prompt, professional care.

Injury Medical Chiropractic & Personal Injury Clinic

We associate certified medical providers who understand the importance of assessing individuals experiencing TOS (thoracic outlet syndrome) associated with an auto accident. When asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to incorporate customized treatment plans for reducing the overlapping risk profiles of TOS correlated with being involved in an auto accident to promote speedy recovery. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., utilizes this information as a professional academic service. Disclaimer

References

Wang, L., et al. (2019). Challenges in diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome: A review. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 37(8), 1789–1796.

Archie, E., & Rigberg, L. (2017). The importance of medical documentation in personal injury cases. Journal of Legal Medicine, 38(3), 245–260.

Cavanna, A., et al. (2022). Manual therapy for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: A cohort study. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 45(4), 301–310.

Freeman, M. D., et al. (1999). The socioeconomic impact of whiplash-associated disorders. Spine, 24(5), 427–433.

Hanif, S., et al. (2007). Diagnostic accuracy of nerve conduction studies in thoracic outlet syndrome. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(6), 1345–1350.

Hurwitz, E. L., et al. (1996). Manipulation and mobilization of the cervical spine: A randomized controlled trial. Spine, 21(15), 1746–1752.

Li, J., et al. (2021). Efficacy of nerve blocks in thoracic outlet syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Pain Medicine, 22(8), 1890–1898.

Sanders, R. J., et al. (2007). Thoracic outlet syndrome in whiplash patients: A cohort study. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 46(5), 1016–1023.

Service, J. (2025). Nutritional interventions for whiplash recovery: A cohort study. Journal of Functional Medicine, 30(1), 55–62.

Tominaga, Y., et al. (2006). Biomechanical effects of whiplash on cervical spine ligaments. Journal of Biomechanics, 39(7), 1234–1241.

Disclaimer

By Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, APRN, FNP-BC, CFMP, IFMCP 0 Comments Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Whiplash Symptoms and When to Seek Help

Explore the causes and effects of whiplash. Find helpful information on managing your symptoms and recovery process.

Introduction to Auto Accident Trauma and Whiplash

Auto accidents, even at low speeds, can result in significant physical trauma, with whiplash being one of the most common injuries. Whiplash, a cervical acceleration-deceleration (CAD) injury, occurs when the head and neck are rapidly forced back and forth, causing strain on the cervical spine, muscles, ligaments, and neural structures. Left untreated, whiplash can lead to chronic pain, reduced mobility, and debilitating symptoms that impact quality of life. For individuals involved in personal injury cases, particularly auto accidents, seeking comprehensive care from a provider with advanced training and dual licensure is critical for optimal recovery.

A healthcare professional who has experience as a Chiropractor and Nurse Practitioner to deliver integrative, evidence-based care for auto accident victims. The unique dual licensure allows the combination of the biomechanical expertise of chiropractic care with the expanded medical scope of a nurse practitioner, offering a holistic approach to treatment. Collaborating with trusted medical and legal providers ensures patients receive comprehensive care, from diagnosis to recovery and, when necessary, legal support. This article explores how the interdisciplinary approach, supported by high-quality research, optimizes outcomes for auto accident injuries, with a focus on whiplash.

Understanding Whiplash: A Multifaceted Injury

What Is Whiplash?

Whiplash is a soft tissue injury resulting from a rapid back-and-forth motion of the head and neck, often likened to the cracking of a whip. Medically classified as a cervical acceleration-deceleration (CAD) injury, whiplash can damage muscles, ligaments, intervertebral discs, facet joints, and neural structures in the cervical spine. According to a cohort study by Radanov et al. (1995), whiplash is associated with persistent physical complaints and disability when left untreated, affecting up to 50% of patients with chronic symptoms.

Common Causes of Whiplash

While rear-end collisions are the most frequent cause of whiplash, other mechanisms include:

  • Motor vehicle accidents: Even low-speed collisions (5–10 mph) can generate sufficient force to cause whiplash.
  • Contact sports: Football, hockey, or wrestling may involve sudden impacts.
  • Physical trauma: Assaults or falls can replicate the rapid motion of whiplash.
  • Amusement rides: Roller coasters or sudden jolts may trigger symptoms.

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) by Cassidy et al. (2018) highlights that early intervention following auto accident-related whiplash significantly reduces the risk of chronicity, underscoring the importance of timely care.

Symptoms of Whiplash

Whiplash symptoms may appear immediately or be delayed by 24–72 hours, varying in severity. Common symptoms include:

  • Neck pain and stiffness
  • Reduced cervical range of motion
  • Shoulder and upper back pain
  • Headaches, often originating at the skull base
  • Jaw pain or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction
  • Dizziness or visual disturbances
  • Tingling or numbness in the arms (cervical radiculopathy)
  • Fatigue and cognitive issues, known as whiplash-associated disorders (WAD)

A systematic review by Sterling et al. (2011) notes that whiplash-associated disorders encompass both physical and psychological symptoms, necessitating a multidisciplinary treatment approach.

Impact on the Cervical Spine and Musculoskeletal System

Whiplash affects multiple systems, leading to complex biomechanical and neurological dysfunction:

  1. Cervical Spine:
    • Facet joint irritation or injury
    • Intervertebral disc compression or herniation
    • Muscle strains or ligament sprains
    • Altered cervical lordosis, contributing to postural imbalances
    A cohort study by Alektoroff & Papanagiotou (2021) demonstrates that whiplash can cause significant tenderness and pain in the cervical region due to injuries to bony, muscular, and ligamentous structures.
  2. Musculoskeletal System:
    • Myofascial pain syndromes in muscles like the trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid
    • Compensatory strain in the thoracic or lumbar spine
    • Impaired proprioception and neuromuscular control
    • Development of chronic trigger points and fibrotic tissue

Without early intervention, these issues can progress to chronic pain syndromes and central sensitization, as noted in a systematic review by Kamper et al. (2008).

The Unique Advantage of Dual Licensure: Chiropractic and Nurse Practitioner Expertise

A health care professional with dual licensure as a Chiropractor (DC) and Nurse Practitioner (APRN, FNP-BS) provides a distinct advantage in treating auto accident injuries. Chiropractic training focuses on biomechanical correction, spinal alignment, and soft tissue rehabilitation, while the nurse practitioner credentials expand their scope to include advanced diagnostics, medical management, and integrative care. This interdisciplinary approach aligns with the philosophies emphasizing holistic chiropractic care, promoting integrative medical solutions.

Benefits of Chiropractic Care in Auto Accident Cases

Chiropractic care is a cornerstone of whiplash treatment, addressing the biomechanical root causes of pain and dysfunction. Key benefits include:

  • Spinal Manipulation Therapy (SMT): Restores joint mobility, reduces cervical stiffness, and improves biomechanical balance. An RCT by Hurwitz et al. (2008) found that SMT significantly improves neck pain and function in whiplash patients.
  • Myofascial Release and Soft Tissue Mobilization: Targets muscle tension, trigger points, and fascial restrictions, promoting tissue healing.
  • Postural Retraining and Ergonomic Correction: Addresses compensatory postures to prevent chronic pain.
  • Pain Reduction Without Medication: Offers non-invasive solutions, reducing reliance on pharmaceuticals.

A chiropractor employs these techniques to restore function and alleviate pain, tailoring interventions to each patient’s unique injury profile.

Expanded Scope as a Nurse Practitioner

A Nurse Practitioner can:

  • Order and Interpret Advanced Diagnostics: Including X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans to rule out fractures, disc pathology, or severe trauma.
  • Prescribe Medications: When necessary, to manage acute pain or inflammation, ensuring a balanced approach to recovery.
  • Coordinate Medical Care: Collaborate with specialists such as neurologists, orthopedists, or pain management experts for complex cases.
  • Provide Functional Medicine Interventions: Address systemic inflammation, nutritional deficiencies, and stress responses that impact healing.

A cohort study by Bussieres et al. (2016) supports the efficacy of multidisciplinary care models in improving outcomes for whiplash patients.

Why Choose Chiropractic?-Video

Interdisciplinary Treatments for Whiplash

Healthcare providers integrate chiropractic and nurse practitioner interventions to create a comprehensive treatment plan, including:

  1. Chiropractic Adjustments:
    • High-velocity, low-amplitude thrusts to correct spinal misalignments
    • Gentle mobilization for patients with acute pain
  2. Physical Therapy:
    • Neck range-of-motion exercises
    • Isometric strengthening to stabilize the cervical spine
    • Scapular stabilization to improve posture
    • Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) for enhanced motor control
    An RCT by Chrcanovic et al. (2022) demonstrates that physical therapy significantly reduces neck pain and disability in whiplash patients.
  3. Functional Medicine:
    • Anti-inflammatory nutrition plans rich in omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin, and antioxidants
    • Supplementation with magnesium and B-complex vitamins to support nerve healing
    • Sleep optimization to balance cortisol and enhance recovery
  4. Complementary Therapies:
    • Acupuncture: Improves blood flow and modulates pain, as supported by an RCT by Moon et al. (2014).
    • Dry Needling: Targets persistent trigger points to relieve myofascial pain.
    • Manual Lymphatic Drainage: Reduces edema and inflammation in acute cases.

This integrative approach ensures that all aspects of the patient’s health—biomechanical, neurological, and systemic—are addressed, promoting faster and more complete recovery.

Collaboration with Trusted Medical and Legal Providers

Medical Collaboration

Doctors work closely with a network of trusted medical providers, including neurologists, orthopedists, radiologists, and pain management specialists, to ensure comprehensive care. For example:

  • Neurologists: Evaluate and manage symptoms like dizziness, cognitive issues, or radiculopathy.
  • Orthopedists: Address complex musculoskeletal injuries, such as facet joint dysfunction or disc herniations.
  • Radiologists: Provide detailed imaging to guide treatment planning.

This collaborative model, supported by a systematic review by Wong et al. (2017), enhances diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy, particularly in personal injury cases where multiple systems may be affected.

Legal Collaboration for Personal Injury Cases

In auto accident cases, legal support is often necessary to navigate insurance claims, liability disputes, or compensation for medical expenses and lost wages. Healthcare providers collaborate with trusted legal providers specializing in personal injury and auto accident cases. These attorneys are well-versed in the clinical complexities of whiplash and other soft tissue injuries, ensuring that patients’ medical records and treatment plans are accurately represented in legal proceedings.

Dr. Jimenez facilitates legal assistance by:

  • Providing Detailed Medical Documentation: Comprehensive reports detailing the injury, treatment, and prognosis, which are critical for personal injury claims.
  • Collaborating with Attorneys: Sharing clinical insights to strengthen cases, particularly when chronic symptoms or long-term disability are involved.
  • Referring Patients to Reputable Legal Providers: Ensuring patients receive expert guidance tailored to their specific needs.

This partnership streamlines the legal process, allowing patients to focus on recovery while their legal team advocates for fair compensation. A study by Elbers et al. (2015) highlights the importance of coordinated medical-legal support in improving patient outcomes in personal injury cases.

Evidence-Based Outcomes and Prognosis

With timely and consistent treatment, many whiplash patients recover within weeks. However, 30–50% may develop chronic symptoms if early intervention is inadequate, as noted in a cohort study by Carroll et al. (2008). Factors associated with prolonged recovery include:

  • High initial pain intensity
  • Poor coping mechanisms
  • Prior neck injuries
  • Psychosocial stressors

The interdisciplinary approach mitigates these risks by addressing the physical and psychological components of whiplash. An RCT by Michaleff et al. (2014) found that multimodal care, combining manual therapy, exercise, and patient education, significantly reduces the likelihood of chronic whiplash-associated disorders.

Preventing Chronicity

A doctor employs several strategies to prevent chronic pain:

  • Early Intervention: Initiating treatment within days of the injury to reduce inflammation and restore function.
  • Patient Education: Teaching patients about their injury, expected recovery timeline, and self-management techniques.
  • Holistic Care: Addressing biomechanical, systemic, and psychosocial factors to promote complete healing.

These strategies align with the integrative philosophies, which prioritize patient-centered, evidence-based care.

Why Choose Treatment for Auto Accident Care?

A doctor with experience, dual licensure, and commitment to integrative care is uniquely qualified to treat auto accident injuries. His practices offer:

  • Comprehensive Diagnostics: Combining clinical assessments with advanced imaging to ensure accurate diagnoses.
  • Personalized Treatment Plans: Tailored to each patient’s injury severity, lifestyle, and goals.
  • Interdisciplinary Expertise: Leveraging chiropractic and nurse practitioner skills for optimal outcomes.
  • Trusted Partnerships: Collaborating with top medical and legal providers to support patients holistically.

Patients can access various services for integrative medical solutions, ensuring a seamless care experience.

Conclusion

Whiplash and other auto accident injuries are complex, requiring a multifaceted approach to achieve full recovery. Healthcare professionals who combine the biomechanical expertise of chiropractic care with the medical acumen of a nurse practitioner deliver unparalleled treatment for personal injury cases. The interdisciplinary approach, supported by high-quality research, addresses the cervical spine, musculoskeletal system, and systemic factors to restore function and prevent chronicity. By collaborating with trusted medical and legal providers, many healthcare professionals ensure that patients receive comprehensive care, from diagnosis to recovery and, when needed, legal advocacy.

Injury Medical & Personal Injury Clinic

We associate certified medical providers who understand the importance of assessing individuals with whiplash associated with their necks. When asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to incorporate customized treatment plans for their pain associated with whiplash. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., uses this information as an academic service. Disclaimer

References

Alektoroff, K., & Papanagiotou, P. (2021). [Whiplash injury of the cervical spine]. Radiologe, 61(8), 710-713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-021-00877-5 (Schleudertrauma der Halswirbelsaule.)

Bussieres, A. E., Stewart, G., Al-Zoubi, F., Decina, P., Descarreaux, M., Hayden, J., Hendrickson, B., Hincapie, C., Page, I., Passmore, S., Srbely, J., Stupar, M., Weisberg, J., & Ornelas, J. (2016). The Treatment of Neck Pain-Associated Disorders and Whiplash-Associated Disorders: A Clinical Practice Guideline. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 39(8), 523-564 e527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.08.007

Chen, H. B., Yang, K. H., & Wang, Z. G. (2009). Biomechanics of whiplash injury. Chin J Traumatol, 12(5), 305-314. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19788851

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1008127509600651?via%3Dihub

Chrcanovic, B., Larsson, J., Malmstrom, E. M., Westergren, H., & Haggman-Henrikson, B. (2022). Exercise therapy for whiplash-associated disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Pain, 22(2), 232-261. https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2021-0064

Mayou, R., & Radanov, B. P. (1996). Whiplash neck injury. J Psychosom Res, 40(5), 461-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(95)00586-2

Moon, T. W., Posadzki, P., Choi, T. Y., Park, T. Y., Kim, H. J., Lee, M. S., & Ernst, E. (2014). Acupuncture for treating whiplash associated disorder: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014, 870271. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/870271

Disclaimer